Labour market information: Czechia

The labour market situation in Czechia is marked by significant regional differences. This is particularly evident when comparing the northern and eastern regions of the country with Central Bohemia or the capital city of Prague. As of 31 March 2022 the unemployment rate in Prague was 2.6%. The highest unemployment rates in February were in the Ústí nad Labem Region (5.3%), the Moravian-Silesian Region (5.2%) and the Karlovy Vary Region (4.3%). These 3 regions also had the highest unemployment rates in 2021. In some regions, however, unemployment is low, such as in the Pardubice Region (2.4%) and the Hradec Králové Region (2.8%). The current unemployment rate in Czechia as a whole, as of 31 March 2022, is 3.4% according to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, which is an overall decrease in unemployment compared to 2021.

As far as graduates are concerned, at the end of April 2022 there was a total of 11 827 graduates from all levels of education, and adolescents, registered at the Labour Offices. Of this total, 8 146 were graduates.

The largest employers in Czechia are companies: Agrofert, Česká pošta s. p., ŠKODA AUTO a.s., ČEZ a.s. and České dráhy (Czech Railways).

Statistics on the employment of EU citizens indicate that most of those workers come from neighbouring countries. Primarily, they come from Slovakia and Poland, but also from more distant Romania. There are also people from non-EU countries, mainly Ukraine, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Vietnam, the USA and latterly from India and Mongolia.

The Czech Labour Office had a total of 263 433 jobseekers registered as of 28 February 2022. According to EUROSTAT, we are one of the countries with the lowest unemployment rates, at 2.3% (for March). Unemployment figures remain low and the number of vacancies offered by employers through the Czech Labour Office exceeds the number of registered jobseekers.

Jobseekers in the 25-40 age group in IT, technology, administration, medicine, health care, and in legal and other professions are the most likely to be employed.

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the average gross monthly nominal wage per employee in the national economy totalled CZK 40 135, which is CZK 1 610 (4 %) more than in the same period of 2020. This is equivalent to approximately EUR 1 630

(ČNB, Euro exchange rate as at 29/04/2022) per month.

Sources used:

Czech Statistical Office

Public administration portal of Czechia

Non-nationals in Czechia

Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

Czech Labour Office

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According to a press release from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, at the end of March 2022, a total of 252 873 vacancies were offered via the Czech Labour Office, which is 58 834 more than in 2021. On average, there were 0.7 jobseekers per vacancy.

For approximately 75% of these vacancies, employers look for candidates with primary or lower education, or non-nationals. Employers most frequently look for workers for manufacturing and construction. They are interested in construction workers, assembly workers, forklift trucks drivers, auxiliary workers in manufacturing, cleaners and auxiliary workers at administrative and industrial sites, goods vehicle drivers, bricklayers or dry construction fitters.

The highest demand for new employees is in Prague (93 541 jobs as of 31 March 2022) and the Central Bohemia Region (64 076).

Those with the best opportunities to find work through the Labour Office are sales representatives, doctors and technicians. There is also great demand for drivers of goods vehicles. This comes from the statistics of the Czech Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Employers are most interested in crafts persons and repairers, as well as technical and professional staff, machine and equipment operators, and fitters. The demand for social service workers has also been rising. On the other hand, the lowest demand is for workers with secondary education in commercial fields and skilled workers in agriculture, forestry and fishery. The highest offer of vacancies was for jobseekers with an elementary education or without formal (completed) education.

There was a relatively large interest - given the number of vacancies - in bricklayers, electrical engineering technicians, as well as in manufacturing industry workers. In addition, there is a demand for programmers, CNC machine operators, welders, shop assistants.

At present, companies are not required to report vacancies to the Czech Labour Office.

Prague is the capital city of Czechia, as well as a region and a municipality. This fact also reflects its role as the natural centre for politics, international relations, education, culture and the economy. As home to more than one million inhabitants, it is part of the socio-economic and residential structure of the whole country as the centre of administration and self-government. It is the seat of a large number of state institutions and numerous other organisations and companies. It hosts the seat of the President of the Republic, the Parliament, the Government, central state authorities and one of the two Supreme Courts. In addition, Prague is the seat of a number of other authorities, and of both central and local governments. It is also home to the headquarters of most of the political parties and almost all the churches, religious and other associations that have a national presence registered in Czechia.

Prague is the core of the largest microregion for employment in Czechia. Prague as such, in relation to commuting distances, is the main and dominant centre with the largest number of job opportunities not only for the surrounding Central Bohemian region, but also on a national scale. It is a city with a high concentration of job opportunities, a stable and diverse labour market and a workforce with above-average skills. An important role is also played by the high-quality background support from educational and scientific and research institutions. Employment in Prague has dropped due to measures adopted by state and administrative bodies of Czechia, the EU and other countries in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2. The unemployment rate in the City of Prague was 2.6% (as of 31 March 2022.

The proportion of people aged 15-59 finding a job in Prague has been steadily increasing. Those of working age predominate in the population, particularly in the 30-39 age group. This age category reflects the strong population growth from the 1980s, as well as non-nationals, for example from the Slovak Republic, Poland and Ukraine. The unemployment rate, i.e. the number of available jobseekers aged 15-64 to the population of the same age, is 3.4% in Czechia. Migration of people to work in regions with the lowest unemployment rate still persists, but there is interest in working abroad for seasonal work and in the border regions. Housing costs and living costs are much higher in cities than in smaller towns in Czechia. On the other hand, senior citizens from the cities tend to seek out a quiet life mostly in the countryside also due to lower living costs. The population permanently resident in Prague is relatively homogeneous in terms of nationalities, where Czechs make up the majority of the population, but the Vietnamese community, which is expanding its business activities predominantly in trade and commerce, is also increasing. The population of Prague is slowly rising.

The City of Prague is the headquarters for 661 357 businesses (as of 31 March 2022), which is roughly 22% of all business entities registered in Czechia. Approximately 50% of the business entities based in Prague consist of individuals doing business under the Trades Licensing Act. The capital city of Prague, as a region, is primarily characterised by a focus of businesses on the provision of personal services; industrial production is not the primary source of business activity within the region. Most large employers based in the region have branches throughout Czechia and also influence the labour market in other regions.

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Employers are increasingly showing interest in workers from mining, construction, manufacturing, transport and related fields (24.66% of vacancies); crafts persons and skilled construction workers (excluding electricians), 10.3% of vacancies; drivers and mobile facility operators (9.2% of vacancies); personal services workers – (8.2% of vacancies); as well as cleaners and auxiliary workers (7.9% of vacancies), and information and communication technology specialists (7.5% of vacancies).

There are 24 612 jobseekers registered in the City of Prague as of 31 March 2022. Of this total, 13 057 were women (53.1%). The highest number of unemployed are registered as people with elementary education+practical school (23.5%); as well as with secondary vocational education (apprenticeship), 22.6%; and with a school leaving certificate (with no apprenticeship), 22.1%.

Jobseekers in Prague are most frequently interested in the following professions: General administrative workers, secretaries, and data entry and word processing workers (12.5%); personal service workers (9.7%); sales workers (8.4%); drivers and mobile facility operators (7.2%); cleaners and auxiliary workers (6.5%) and professionals in business and public administration (4.6%).

The Central Bohemian Region surrounds Prague, which is a self-governing unit (the region of the capital city of Prague), and comprises a total of 12 districts: Benešov, Beroun, Kladno, Kolín, Kutná Hora, Mělník, Mladá Boleslav, Nymburk, Prague-East, Prague-West, Příbram and Rakovník.

In terms of size, number of municipalities and population, it is one of the largest regions as its area represents almost 14% of Czechia.

Its favourable geographical location, dense traffic network and proximity to Prague create a large number of job opportunities for its citizens.

One of the region’s strength is the existence of development areas for business, the presence of strong companies of national significance, good conditions for the development of a wide range of agricultural production, including the manufacturing industry, and the growth of the service sector.

On the other hand, a disadvantage for the region is the evident imbalance in the relationship between Prague (as a metropolis of nationwide significance) and Central Bohemia (as the periphery of Prague).

The development of the region is limited by the uneven distribution of jobs and industry within the region, by differences in the distribution of businesses and the performance of the economy and the absence of a regional administrative centre within its territory. The attraction of Prague is behind the migration of skilled labour from the regions.

The Central Bohemian Region is characterised by developed industrial production, agriculture, logistics; by way of contrast, the share of construction and services in total employment is lower, however, although the services sector has shown a significant increase in recent years.

Agricultural output benefits from the favourable natural conditions in the north-eastern part of the region.

The region excels mainly at crop production, growing wheat, barley, oilseed rape, sugar beet; and fruit, vegetable and flowers in suburban areas.

The mechanical engineering, automotive, chemical and food industries are key industries of national significance. Former traditional industries such as coal mining, steel making and leather working are in decline.

The registered unemployment rate in the region has been one of the lowest over the long term compared to the national average. At the level of individual districts, however, there are already significant differences in unemployment, influenced by the proximity to Prague and thus the possibility of making use of the capital city’s labour market. For example, the unemployment rate in Prague - East is 1.2% and Kladno 4.5%.

The unemployment rate in the Central Bohemia Region as of 31 /01/ 2022 was 3.1%

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Employers show the greatest demand for workers with secondary vocational education with an apprenticeship certificate, with elementary education and full secondary education with a school leaving certificate.

Above all, employers are offering jobs for skilled workers with experience. Emphasis is put on other skills such as knowledge of languages, computer literacy, a driving licence, etc.

There is also a growing demand for unskilled or lower qualified workers. There is a continuous demand for service and shop workers (butchers, waiting staff, bakers), sales representatives and service and maintenance personnel (CNC machine operators, carpenters, bricklayers).

Jobseekers’ interest in these professions is minimal, mainly for financial reasons, an unwillingness or the impossibility of commuting to work or working in 24/7 operation or shifts. The structure of job vacancies, which differs from that of jobseekers and their professional focus, also plays an important role.

There are long-term persistent problems with the placement of school graduates and adolescents without the necessary experience, of jobseekers with restricted abilities and of citizens over the age of 50 with all levels of education. Jobseekers without qualifications, the long-term unemployed and registered women with children under 15 also find it difficult to enter the labour market.

The most important employers in the Central Bohemia Region include: ŠKODA AUTO, TPCA, Philip Morris, Spolana Neratovice, Bramco, AMAZON, Ariete Group, Kaučuk Kralupy, RAVAK Příbram, Kovohutě Příbram, Danone Benešov, Procter and Gamble – Rakona Rakovník, Pivovar Krušovice, Velkopopovický pivovar Kozel, Lego Production Kladno, Strojírny Poldi Kladno, Valeo Beroun, Sellier & Bellot Vlašim, Fox Conn Technology, Continental Automotive CR, Behr Czech, Lázně Poděbrady, Bob Cat Dobříš.

The South Bohemian Region is located in the southern part of Czechia. The southern and western borders of the region are the national borders with Austria and Germany. The total area of the region is 10 056 km². The South Bohemian Region is the region with the lowest population density in Czechia.

Most of the population live in the following cities: České Budějovice – 93 426 inhabitants (as of 31 December 2021), Tábor, Písek, Strakonice, Jindřichův Hradec, Český Krumlov and Prachatice. Conversely, the agricultural and mountain areas by the borders are much less populated.

The region has always been more recreational in nature than industrial. Industrial production is concentrated mainly in the České Budějovice agglomeration and in the Tábor and Strakonice districts. Manufacturing industry (food and beverages, transport equipment, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing) prevails. Agriculture focuses on crop production, mainly the growing of cereals, oilseeds and potatoes. Cattle and pig breeding dominates within livestock production. Fish farming has a long tradition in this region. The total area of fish breeding ponds is around 25 000 ha. They produce half of Czechia’s fish output.

The unemployment rate, i.e. the ratio of available jobseekers aged 15-64 to the population of the same age group in the region reached 2.6% (as of 31 March 2022.

The unemployment trend in the region is characterised mainly by seasonality linked to work in tourism, construction and agriculture. The highest unemployment was reported in the Český Krumlov district. Conversely, the lowest unemployment was in the Jindřichův Hradec district. Most people were employed in manufacturing industry, commerce, construction, public administration, health care, education, transport, agriculture, and in the catering and hotel sectors.

The most important employers in the South Bohemia Region include: Robert Bosch s.r.o. Č. Budějovice, Hospital České Budějovice a.s., University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, KOH-I-NOOR Hardtmuth a.s., Č. Budějovice, nuclear power plant ČEZ a. s. - jaderná elektrárna Temelín, s.n.o.p. cz a.s. Písek, Jihostroj Velešín, Rhode Schwarz Vimperk, DURA Automotive CZ k. s. Blatná, Kovosvit MAS Sezimovo Ústí, Vishay Electronic spol. s.r.o. Blatná, Schneider Electric a.s. Písek and TRW-DAS a.s., Dačice.

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In the South Bohemian Region, employers have problems filling vacancies mainly in crafts and repair work, machinery and equipment operation and in services. Employers were most interested in the following professions:

• other equipment assembly workers
• drivers of trucks, tractors and special vehicles
• bricklayers and dry construction fitters
• plastic production and processing machine operators
• auxiliary workers in manufacturing
• assembly workers for electrical, energy and electronic equipment
• mechanical equipment assembly workers
• building construction workers

In the South Bohemian Region, the largest recorded numbers of unemployed are auxiliary and unskilled workers. The second largest group consists of workers in services and commerce, with the third largest group being administrative workers.

In many cases, however, these are long-term unemployed, especially in the case of auxiliary and unskilled workers.

The highest number of registered jobseekers was in the following professions:

• auxiliary workers in manufacturing
• shop assistants
• general administrative staff
• cleaners and auxiliary workers
• drivers of passenger cars and small vans
• bricklayers
• security guards
• waiting staff
• cooks, assistant cooks

The Plzeň Region consists of seven districts: Domažlice, Klatovy, Plzeň-City, Plzeň-South, Plzeň-North, Rokycany and Tachov. It has 505 municipalities and an area of 7 649 km2. The Plzeň Region has 578 573 inhabitants (as of 30 December 2021). In terms of population, the Plzeň Region is one of the smaller regions, accounting for roughly 5.4% of the population of Czechia. The region is relatively sparsely populated. The regional capital, Plzeň, is the fourth largest city in Czechia, and is home to more than 30% of the population of the entire region.

The most important industries in the Plzeň Region include engineering, food, construction materials and ceramics, and the iron and steel industry. Its location makes the Plzeň Region very attractive for foreign employers. In the region, in addition to the industrial zone in Borská pole in Plzeň, there are industrial zones in Stod, Holýšov, Rokycany, Dobřany, Preštice, Klatovy, Nýřany, Ostrov u Stříbra and Bor near Tachov. The other parts of the region, outside the catchment areas of the district towns and larger settlements, are mainly devoted to agriculture or recreation.

The unemployment rate in the region was 2.7% as of 31 March 2022. The unemployment rate in the individual districts of the Plzeň Region is 2.8% in the district of Domažlice, 2.5% in the district of Klatovy, 2.1% in the district of Plzeň-South, 2.5% in the district of Plzeň-City, 2.7 & in the district of Plzeň-North, 3.2% in the district of Rokycany and 3.1% in the district of Tachov. The Plzeň Region has long had one of the lowest unemployment rates (as of 31 March 2022, the unemployment rate in Czechia was 3.4%).

As of 31 December 2021, a total of 13 companies employing more than 1 000 employees were based in the region, with 8 located in the Plzeň-City district. The region’s largest employer is Plzeň University Hospital, with around 5 000 employees. Equally important operators in the region in the category with 2 000 - 2 499 employees are the West Bohemia University of Plzeň. and MD ELEKTRONIK spol. s.r.o.; in the category with 1 500 - 1 999 employees, Borgers CS spol. s r.o., Škoda Transportation s.r.o. and Daikin Industries Czech Republic s.r.o. are worth mentioning. Other employers certainly worth a mention include Plzeňský Prazdroj a.s. and Lidl E-Commerce Logistics s.r.o.

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As of 31 March 2022 there were around 33 000 registered job vacancies in the Plzeň Region, 70% of which were vacancies for non-nationals. In terms of education, the highest number of vacancies was for jobseekers with elementary education (88% of vacancies), secondary vocational education (with an apprenticeship certificate, 8% of vacancies); whereas the labour offices have the fewest vacancies for jobseekers with higher vocational degrees or doctorates.

Employers in the region are primarily seeking production workers (assembly workers, warehouse workers, machine operators), while the most sought-after professions include construction workers, bricklayers, truck drivers, locksmiths, welders, health and social care workers, chefs, sales staff, software programmers and administrators, adjusters and agriculture and forestry auxiliary workers.

The greatest proportion of the total number of jobseekers comprises auxiliary and unskilled workers (26.9%). The second largest group comprises services and sales staff (20.7%). The third largest group then comprised jobseekers applying for positions as machinery and equipment operators (15.1%).

The Karlovy Vary Region is situated in the west of Czechia. Covering an area of 3 314 km² it takes up a mere 4.2% of Czechia, and is one of the country’s smallest regions.

According to data from the Czech Statistical Office, as of 31 December 2021 the total population of the Karlovy Vary Region was 283 161, of which 186 390 were economically active. Compared to other regions of Czechia, the labour force in the Karlovy Vary Region can be briefly characterised as a relatively young population, with a lower average level of education (particularly due to the lower proportion of university-educated inhabitants than the national average) and a higher proportion of non-nationals living and working in the region. The citizens of Karlovy Vary Region also commute to work to the neighbouring Germany.

The unemployment rate in the region as of 31 March 2022 was 4.04%. The largest group of unemployed people comprises those with no education, with incomplete elementary education and with elementary education. Important causes of high unemployment include, among other factors, the low educational structure of the population and the associated discrepancy between labour supply and demand (jobseekers often do not meet employers' requirements), inadequate transport links in municipalities located outside catchment cities, making it difficult for non-mobile citizens to find work, the lowest wages in comparison with other regions of Czechia, and the narrow focus of regions solely on tourism and the spa and hotel industries.

An analysis of job vacancy supply and demand, conducted in December 2021, shows a higher number of vacancies for jobseekers with elementary education. Employers indicated that they consented to employing non-nationals for approximately 75% of the total number of vacancies.

The region consists of three districts – Cheb, Karlovy Vary and Sokolov.

Karlovy Vary district: The largest district is Karlovy Vary (covering 46% of the region), with the largest number of municipalities and the largest proportion of inhabitants. With regard to economy, the Karlovy Vary district is characterised by both industry and agriculture, with a significant portion of spa tourism and tourism in general. Major employers include: WITTE Nejdek, spol. s r.o., WITTE ACCESS TECHNOLOGY s.r.o. and Thun 1794 a.s. (in the manufacturing industry), Léčebné lázně Jáchymov, a.s., and GRANDHOTEL PUPP Karlovy Vary, a.s. (in hotel services) and Karlovarská krajská nemocnice a.s. in health care. At present, the most sought-after professions are in particular in health care, construction and manufacturing industry.

Sokolov district: In terms of its area, covering 753 km² (23% of the entire region), and its number of inhabitants, Sokolov is the smallest district in the Karlovy Vary Region. The district’s economy is centred around brown coal mining, energy production, and the chemical and mechanical engineering industries. This district has long had the highest unemployment rate in the region, and has the fewest employers of all the districts in the region. The most prominent employers are Sokolovská uhelná, právní nástupce, a.s., as well as NEMOS SOKOLOV s.r.o., Wieland Electric s.r.o., SKF Lubrication Systems CZ, s.r.o. and Synthomer a.s. At present, the most sought-after professions are in manufacturing industry (energy, mechanical engineering), health care, construction and land transport.

Cheb district: This is the westernmost district of Czechia. Covering an area of 1 046 km², it comprises 31% of the region as a whole. The economy of the Cheb district is most heavily focused on industry and spas. The most prominent employers in the Cheb district include DHL Solutions k.s., Léčebné lázně Mariánské lázně a.s., Karlovarská krajská nemocnice a.s., and Heinz-Glas Decor s.r.o. Companies operating out of the Cheb industrial zone are also of great importance for the labour market in the Cheb district. The most demanded professions are in health care, industrial and textile manufacturing (machinery operation, assembly workers, sewers), land transport and construction.

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From the perspective of registered vacancies, important industries in the Karlovy Vary Region include:

• Karlovy Vary district: accommodation, hospitality and catering, health care, land transport, education, the manufacturing industry (glass and porcelain production)
• Sokolov district: land transport, health care and the manufacturing industry
• Cheb district: accommodation, hospitality and catering, land transport, services and the textile industry

The most frequently advertised job vacancies include toolmakers and related workers, skilled crafts persons (mechanics and repairmen), catering workers (chefs and assistant cooks, waiting staff), service workers (receptionists, masseurs, sales staff), health care staff (doctors , nurses and auxiliary workers), construction workers (bricklayers, construction workers), production auxiliary workers (assembly workers, seamstresses), machine and equipment operators, warehouse staff, drivers, forestry workers, teachers.

The overall situation on the labour market in the Karlovy Vary Region will continue to be affected by the ongoing impact of the coronavirus crisis in 2022. Certain sectors of the labour market, particularly those focused on the spa industry, services, tourism and foreign tourism, are still somewhat slow.

The Ústí Region is located by the north-western border of Czechia, where it borders Germany. There are many new investors here, but the Ústí Region is also dealing with some adverse trends. In addition to high unemployment, it has a severely damaged environment; the region fails to attract educated people due to the lack of universities; it has a large number of people with only elementary or no education; levels of long-term unemployment are significant, while direct foreign investment, which is one of the growth factors for regional economies in Czechia, is in decline. The region’s advantages include its natural reserves of mineral resources, although these are undergoing extensive transformation, and its tradition of industrial production (established mining, energy and chemical industries). The region offers a high proportion of cheap labour. As of 31 October 2021, the labour offices in the Ústí Region registered a total of 28 626 job seekers, with 26 315 (91.9% of registered applicants) aged 15-64 able to immediately start work if offered a suitable job. The relatively high unemployment rate is also a problem. As of 31 October 2021, the unemployment rate in the Ústí Region was approx. 5%, specifically 4.4% for men and 5.7% for women, which is still the highest in the whole of Czechia. Due to the concentration of industry and population, with 817 004 inhabitants (as of 22/3/2021), the Ústí Region is a relatively significant market within Czechia, easily accessible from Prague and from neighbouring Saxony.

There are four areas in the region that differ significantly in terms of economic specialisation, their settlement and social structure, and the extent of environmental damage:

• The Basin - characterised by the concentration of industry with a high population density and larger cities, specialising in mining of minerals, especially brown coal, energy and chemical production. These are the districts of Chomutov, Most and Teplice.
• Industrial-agricultural area - especially the districts of Litoměřice, with its agricultural specialisation in fruit growing, vegetable growing, viticulture, hop growing and Louny, focussing on cereals, oil plants, meat and egg production, hop growing. In both districts, employment in agriculture has fallen significantly in the last 15 years and job opportunities are being provided by industry.
• Krušné Hory (the Ore Mountains) - a very sparsely populated mountain belt, constituting a major natural and social and cultural barrier where there is almost no economic activity.
• Industrial area - these are the districts of Ústí nad Labem and Děčín. Part of this area has a high population density and diverse industrial production (chemical, engineering, automotive, textile and food industries). The rest of the area, with a relatively high level of environmental quality, is used for recreational purposes.

The most important employers in the different areas include:

• Mining industry - Members of the Czech Coal Group (Czech Coal Services, Litvínovská Uhelná, a.s. and Vršanská Uhelná, a.s.), Severočeské doly a.s. including Doly Bílina
• Chemical industry - UNIPETROL RPA, s.r.o., Spolek pro chemickou a hutní výrobu a.s.
• Automobile industry - Johnson Controls k.s., TRCZ, s.r.o., AGC Automotive Czech a.s. Chudeřice, KOITO CZECH s.r.o., Magna Automotive (CZ) s.r.o.
• Engineering industry – Toyoda Gosei Czech s.r.o., TOS a.s., Pierburg s.r.o.
• Energy sector – ČEZ, a.s.
• Health care - Krajská zdravotní a.s.
• Glass industry – AGC Flat Glass Czech Teplice
• Transport - Správa železniční a dopravní cesty s.p. (the Railway and Transport Infrastructure Administration)

The citizens of the Karlovy Vary Region also commute to neighbouring Germany for work.

At present, there is a need in the Ústí nad Labem region mainly for employees in construction, health care, gastronomy, trade and services, the textile industry, transport, auxiliary services, metal-crafts and for agriculture during the summer months. In general, for these professions the required level of education is secondary vocational education or higher.

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The available jobs mostly consist of apprenticeships, in both manufacturing and services. The situation for university graduates is relatively good, where the number of jobseekers per job is relatively low. The demand is mostly for jobseekers in the following professions: doctors, nurses, machine fitters, metalworkers, welders, lathe operators, cooks, waiting staff, bartenders, and sales representatives.
In general, for these professions the required level of education is secondary vocational education or higher.

Citizens with elementary and ‘lower-level’ education (33.1%) continue to encounter difficulties. This group represents the largest portion of the total number of registered jobseekers, for whom job opportunities appear only sporadically. It is a challenge to enhance the placement of this group in the labour market. The highest number of jobseekers are auxiliary and unskilled workers, assembly workers, shop assistants, cooks, waiting staff, administrative staff, drivers of passenger cars and small vans, and crafts persons. The question remains as to how measures adopted by state and administrative bodies in Czechia, the EU and other countries, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, are reflected in the development of employment and unemployment in the region. Simultaneously, the process of restructuring brown coal mining is underway.

The Liberec Region has an area of 3 163 km² and is located in the north of Czechia on the border with Germany and Poland. The region consists of the districts of Česká Lípa, Jablonec nad Nisou, Liberec and Semily. The Liberec Region has a predominantly industrial character. Over the course of twenty years, the traditional textile industry has lost its dominant position, and the economic recession in recent years has also affected the glass and costume jewellery industry. The manufacturing industry is focused on car production and the manufacture of rubber and plastic products. Tourism is a significant part of the Liberec region’s economy. Agriculture is only a complementary sector.

Education is represented by a network of elementary and secondary schools. Secondary art schools are important in the region, and their significance extends beyond the region. They consist of glass and costume jewellery secondary schools. University education is represented by the Technical University of Liberec. There is a modern scientific information centre in the region - the Regional Science Library in Liberec.

Basic health care is provided by a network of outpatient facilities and pharmacies. The most important health facility in the Liberec Region is the Liberec Hospital, which is also one of the most important employers in the region.

The region offers a number of benefits for future investors: There is a long-standing industrial tradition and a concentration of high-quality workers. There are several industrial zones in the regions, the largest being the greenfield industrial zone Liberec South, covering an area of 125 ha. The zone is linked to the Prague - Liberec motorway. The functional work of the industrial zone is mainly the manufacture of construction and machine tools, insulation materials, car accessories, kitchen equipment; data and telecommunication services, forwarding and logistics services. The biggest employers of this zone include the Japanese company Denso Manufacturing Czech, Fehrer Bohemia s.r.o. and Laird s.r.o. Another industrial zone is Liberec North, where Knorr-Bremse ČR is another important employer. Outside Liberec, there are other industrial areas with significant employers, such as Adient Czech Republic k.s. in Česká Lípa and Drylock Technologies s.r.o. in Hrádek nad Nisou, as well as Preciosa in Jablonec nad Nisou. Other important employers worthy of note in the region are the Canadian company Magna Exteriors (Bohemia), based in Liberec, and the German company Benteler, whose plant is located in Chrastava, with a production centre in Jablonec nad Nisou and an engineering branch of the company in Liberec.

In addition to good industrial development conditions, the region also has excellent prerequisites for the growth of tourism in the summer and winter seasons; there is a tradition of forest management, six protected landscape areas and a relatively dense network of regional railways and roads.

The total population of the Liberec Region was 437 391 (as of 31 December 2021).

The unemployment rate in the region was 3.5% (as of 31 March 2022.

Employers demand both skilled workers, especially in engineering, and unskilled workers, to whom they offer training prior to working on production and assembly lines.

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Employers offer most job vacancies to workers with secondary vocational education - with an apprenticeship certificate, as well as to workers with elementary education, a school leaving certificate or a university education. With regard to the structure of the economy in the region, there are vacancies mainly in engineering, as well as in construction, health care and services.

There is currently a lack of staff in health care (doctors, nurses and nursing staff), as well as a shortage of scientists and experts in physics and the biological sciences, skilled workers in construction and engineering and personnel to operate industrial equipment - workers in production and operations. There is also a shortage of workers in commerce.

There is a staff surplus in administration, of service workers, teachers, sales staff and goods demonstrators, workers in agriculture, forestry and fishery, and of drivers.

There is high unemployment in the microregions of Novoměstsko, Frýdlantsko and Doksko. The job opportunities before the change in the economic regime, especially in the Frýdlant outcrop, were strongly linked to the textile industry and agriculture. In both these sectors, the number of jobs has been significantly reduced. For the most part, those so released have lower level qualifications. Entrepreneurial and investment activity is low the region due to the lower qualifications level of the population, the limited transport possibilities and a certain degree of geographical isolation.

In the Hradec Králové Region, the total population is 542 583 (as of 31 December 2021).

The region is situated in the north-eastern part of Bohemia, sharing a large part of its border with Poland, namely the mountain massif, where the highest peak of Czechia - Sněžka (1 603 m above sea level) - is located. The rest of the region is occupied mostly by the fertile Elbe lowlands.

The Hradec Králové Region can be characterised as an industrial-agricultural region with well developed tourism. The industry is concentrated in the major cities, with intensive agriculture in the Elbe region. The Krkonoše Mountains are notable for having the largest concentration of tourism in Czechia. There is a long-standing tradition of mechanical engineering, manufacturing and construction industries with small and medium-sized companies strongly represented. A large part of the region is traditionally agricultural with favourable conditions for diverse crops and animal farming.

Compared to Czechia as a whole, the region has a larger proportion of inhabitants with no education or only elementary education, and fewer university students. It should also be mentioned that most university students from the region leave to study in other regions. Most workers are employed in manufacturing (32.6%), in the wholesale and retail trade (11.8%), as well as in health care and social services (8.1%). There is a significant presence in scientific and technical professions. The region has a high proportion of specialists (13.7%), technical and professional workers (18.8%). Employment is high in education, the manufacture of electronic and optical devices and equipment, the manufacture of motor vehicles and electrical equipment, engineering, textile manufacture, and the rubber and plastics industry.

The labour market situation in the region began to change slightly in 2020-2021. The Covid-19 pandemic caused a slowdown in the economy. The long-term low unemployment rate reported by the Hradec Králové Region in recent years has increased slightly, but has still remained below the average for Czechia as a whole. However, job offers still exceed the number of jobseekers. As of 31 January 2022, there were 0.9 applicants per job vacancy in the Hradec Králové Region.

In the long term, the lowest unemployment rate is in the Rychnov nad Kněžnou district (1.8%, the third lowest in the entire Czechia), while the highest is in the Náchod district at 3.9%.

Within the Hradec Králové Region there is relatively little interest in commuting to work across the border into Poland. The situation is different as regards commuting in the other direction. Commuters mostly travel to Western countries such as Germany and Austria. In general, men most often commute for construction work, while women commute to work in social services.

The largest and most significant employers in the Hradec Králové Region are:

Continental Automotive Czech Republic s.r.o. in Trutnov, JUTA a.s. in Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Karsit Holding, s.r.o. and Kimberly-Clark, s.r.o. in Jaroměř, Saar Gummi Czech, s.r.o. in Červený Kostelec, Rubena, s.r.o. and ATAS elektromotory Náchod a.s. in Náchod, Ammann Czech Republic, a.s. and Hronovský, s.r.o. in Nové Město nad Metují, ŠKODA AUTO, a.s. in Kvasiny, VEBA, textilní závody a.s. in Broumov, C.S.CARGO a.s. in Jičín, Trelleborg Bohemia, a.s. and ARROW International CR., a.s. in Hradec Králové.

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In the Hradec Králové Region, employers have problems filling some vacancies. There is demand mainly for technical professions, for workers in construction, manufacturing and transportation, for crafts persons, repairmen, machine operators, and fitters. In services, for example, for general administrative staff.

With regard to individual professions, the particular demand is for:

• manufacturing operators, metalworkers, engineering workers
• crafts persons and repairmen
• industrial machine and equipment operators
• social service and health service workers

According to the available data, employers are particularly interested in auxiliary workers in construction, manufacturing and transport, crafts persons and skilled construction workers, repairmen, engineering workers, machine and equipment operators and fitters. Demand for workers in health care services (general nurse, doctor), sales, drivers (forklift drivers, truck drivers and bus drivers), mobile plant workers, as well as cleaners and security agency personnel is also on the rise. Due to the situation from previous years, when the overall situation on the labour market was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, demand for chefs, maids, receptionists and waiting staff has also increased in 2021.

If we are looking for citizens who leave to work abroad, most of these are to be found in the group of young and linguistically well-equipped citizens from various professions.

The Pardubice Region is located in the eastern part of Bohemia. Part of the north-eastern border of the region is also the Czech-Polish state border. The centre of the region, the city of Pardubice, is located 100 km to the east of Prague.

The Pardubice Region is the eighth largest region in Czechia, with an area of 4 519 km² and a population of 520 000. The larger cities are Chrudim, Svitavy and Ústí nad Orlicí.

Industry, but also commercial and public services are concentrated in the region. Investors use prepared industrial zones. The economic prosperity of the region is significantly influenced by the fact that a European railway corridor cuts across the region. Road, water and air transport is available also.

The electrical engineering industry, mechanical engineering, chemical, manufacturing, agricultural and food industries are all represented in the region. The chemical industry, based in the Pardubice district, is rather important. Traditionally, chemistry and transport specialists gain their diplomas from the University of Pardubice.

The unemployment rate in the Pardubice Region was 2.4% (as of 31 March 2022).

In the Pardubice district, the electrical engineering and chemical industries are especially dominant; both have a long tradition here. Also represented in the region are companies manufacturing components for the automotive industry. A number of foreign investors operate in the region, which has had a positive impact on the local labour market. The largest employer is FOXCONN CZ s.r.o., manufacturer of computers. Other important companies include Synthesia a.s., which manufactures basic chemical products and industrial chemicals, Panasonic Automotive Systems Czech s.r.o., production of car radios, KIEKERT-CS s.r.o., production of central car locking, Pardubice Regional Hospital and the University of Pardubice.

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The highest number of vacancies is in professions relating to the automotive industry (electrical engineering, metalworking, assembly works), in construction, commerce and services. In particular, there is increased interest in transport workers and in skilled personnel for the health care and social care sectors.

Employees with university, secondary vocational education and apprenticeships have the best opportunities in the labour market in the region, particularly in the fields of electrical engineering, telecommunications, information technology, health care, plastics processing, industrial chemistry, construction, engineering, services and logistics.

Job vacancies in manufacturing companies tend to be available for manufacturing operators, assembly workers and drivers in the transport sector.

The records of the Labour Office in the Pardubice Region as of 31 March 2022 show approximately 8 500 jobseekers and almost 19 000 job vacancies. There are 2 vacancies per jobseeker. The unemployed are predominantly those jobseekers with elementary education, secondary vocational education with an apprenticeship certificate, and jobseekers with secondary vocational education completed with a school-leaving examination.

Difficulties in entering the labour market are experienced by people with disabilities, those over 50, and those with low or incomplete education or with administrative qualifications.

The Vysočina Region is located in the central part of Czechia, adjacent to the regions of South Bohemia, Central Bohemia, Pardubice and South Moravia. It consists of three districts of the former region of South Moravia (Jihlava, Třebíč, Žďár nad Sázavou), one district of the region of Central Bohemia (Havlíčkův Brod) and one district of the region of South Bohemia (Pelhřimov). Its characteristic features are its rugged territory, high altitude and low population density. The fragmented settlement structure affects the depopulation of smaller municipalities and contributes to the departure of young and qualified inhabitants.

The Vysočina Region, with a population of 503 845 (as of 31 December 2021) is situated in the highlands that pass through what is essentially the middle of Czechia. The region's population is steadily decreasing. It has always ranked among the poorer areas of the country with its less developed industrial infrastructure and a focus on agricultural production, while being protected from devastating environmental pollution and the emergence of large areas irreversibly damaged by industrial development.

The stone-quarrying, textile and woodworking industries have always been traditional in the Vysočina Region, and today we can add to these the mechanical engineering and food industries.

In the Vysočina Region, manufacturing concentrated in large cities is the current backbone of overall growth of economic activity, largely because of the existence of traditional mechanical engineering production, which has been transformed into the production of components for the automotive industry. The principal employers in the Vysočina Region are companies that have been highly active in this area for a long time, i.e. Bosch Diesel s.r.o., Automotive Lighting s.r.o., Motorpal a.s. Jihlava, Žďas a.s., Futaba Czech s.r.o., Cooper-Standard Automotive ČR s.r.o., MANN + HUMMEL (CZ), s.r.o., Valeo Compressor Europe s.r.o. and others who are mostly connected to these companies as sub-contractors.

One negative aspect of this currently prevalent restricted manufacturing focus is the fact that there is always the inherent danger of a large-scale employment collapse in this whole area of manufacturing during crisis periods and the fact that, as in other regions of Czechia, there is a lack of small and medium-sized enterprises in Vysočina providing employment stability in the periphery of this region. There is also a lack of a more direct link between training opportunities and labour market requirements.

Another rapidly developing sector in the Vysočina Region is tourism, thanks to the clean environment and its rich cultural past.

• The average wage at the end of 2021 was CZK 34 934. This is roughly CZK 2 600, i.e. 7% below the nationwide average.
• In the Vysočina Region, the unemployment rate remained at 3.1% at the end of February, due to government measures to halt the spread of COVID-19. 31 March 2021, Czech Statistical Office).
• One district reported an unemployment rate equal to or higher than the national average, namely the district of Třebíč (3.9%). Conversely, the lowest unemployment rate was in the Pelhřimov district (1.7%). This is followed by the districts of Havlíčkův Brod (2.8%), Jihlava (3.0%) and Žďár nad Sázavou (3.4%).
  28 February 2022, Czech Statistical Office).

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In the Vysočina Region, the greatest interest is still in engineering and construction workers (both technical and blue-collar professions), machine and plant operators, goods vehicle and passenger car drivers, assembly workers and good handlers across all fields. There is also interest in auxiliary workers in professions across the profession spectrum. Demand for workers in forestry and agriculture has been growing.

Specifically:

• assembly workers across all fields
• specialised engineering workers
• auxiliary workers and goods handlers
• drivers of passenger and goods vehicles
• bricklayers and construction workers
• workers in forestry and agriculture

The highest number of unemployed people in the Vysočina Region are workers with apprenticeship certificates (but also with a disability that prevents them from accepting a job offer) and workers with elementary education. Generally, the highest unemployment rate is among jobseekers aged 50 and over.

The sectors currently contributing most to the rise in unemployment are gastronomy, commerce and services sectors.

The location of the South Moravian Region is very advantageous from a geographical point of view: the region forms a link between the south and north of Europe, it borders Slovakia and Austria and also has a connection to the road and railway transport networks of European transport infrastructure. The population of the entire South Moravian Region (as of 31 December 2021) is 1 184 345, with its metropolis being Brno, the second largest city in Czechia, where one-third of the whole region’s population lives.

Services occupy a dominant position in the region’s economy. While in Brno and in the regions surrounding Brno the labour market is hardly affected by seasonal fluctuations, in southern districts (Znojmo, Hodonín) it is unbalanced and has a seasonal nature. These regions are also affected by high unemployment rates and below-average wage levels.

The most important and largest employers include the universities (Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology, Mendel University in Brno), the hospitals (especially the Brno University Hospital, St. Anne’s Teaching Hospital in Brno, Kyjov Hospital, contributory organisation, Znojmo Hospital, contributory organisation), transport organisations (Brno public transport – Dopravní podnik města Brna, a.s.), public administration (Southern Moravia Regional Police Headquarters, Brno Statutory City, the Financial Authority General Directorate, the Czech Labour Office) and a range of IT and services companies (e.g. IBM Global Services Delivery Center Czech Republic, s.r.o., AT&T Global Network Services Czech Republic s.r.o., Česká pošta, s.p. (Czech Post), České dráhy, a.s. (Czech Railways), Správa železnic, public organisation (Railway Administration), Notino, s.r.o., Albert Česká republika, s.r.o., Tesco Stores ČR a.s.). In the manufacturing sector, major operators include companies manufacturing electrical equipment – ABB s.r.o., Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. and Ademco CZ s.r.o. in Brno, Tyco Electronics Czech s.r.o. in Kuřim, European Data Project s.r.o. in Komořany in Vyškovsko, Siemens Electric Machines s.r.o. s.r.o. in Drásov and the company Gebauer a Griller Kabeltechnik, spol. s r.o. in Břeclav, involved in the manufacture of cables and electrical parts. In Modřice there is IFE-CR, a.s., producing automatic door systems for rolling stock, the textile company Nová MOs Ilana in Brno, Lohmann & Rauscher, s.r.o., producing textiles for healthcare, in Salvo u Brna, Bioheat, a.s., producing pharmaceuticals, in Ivanovice na Hané, and Hartmann Rico a.s., producing medical supplies, in Veverská Bítýška.

The relatively large concentration of universities and colleges in the regional city of Brno has contributed to an above-average number of people with university education; on the other hand, there is a lower number of people with only elementary education compared to the national average. The relative sufficiency of skilled labour is also related to this.

The unemployment rate in the region is 3.9% (as of 31 March 2022. Over the long run, the highest unemployment has been in the Hodonín and Znojmo districts.

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In the South Moravian Region there is a stable demand for IT sector workers, especially for computer application programmers and software developers. Vacancies are also available in the area of ‘business services’ (outsourcing, telemarketing) and health care professions (doctors, nurses).

Employers are most interested in crafts persons and skilled mechanical engineering professions (toolmaker, welder, CNC machine operator, technician), goods vehicle drivers, warehouse operatives, call centre staff, assembly workers, bricklayers, cooks, but also auxiliary and unskilled workers (construction, cleaners and manufacturing workers).

Over 64% of unemployed people in the region are jobseekers with an apprenticeship certificate and uneducated people (as of March 2022).

The specific professions for which there are enough jobseekers currently (as of March 2022) include administrative staff, sales representatives, hair stylists, cosmeticians and other fields with high employee turnover – chefs, waiting staff, bar staff, shop assistants, auxiliary and unskilled workers.

The Olomouc Region cannot be characterised as a single market. Differences between the central and northern parts of the region at the geographical level are also reflected in the economy, infrastructure and employment. The central districts (Olomouc, Prostějov, Přerov) are more stable and diversified. The economy in the mountain districts (Jeseník, Šumperk) is heavily influenced by seasonality and inadequate transport services. There are good conditions for the development of services in regional centres and for the development of tourism throughout the region. Labour market limits result mainly from the options for daily commuting to work.

Of the economic sectors, engineering is the most strongly represented. The most important employers are: MIELE technika, UNEX, Honeywell Aerospace Olomouc, John Crane, AŽD Praha, KEESTRACK – CZ in the Olomouc district, ŠKODA PARS, Dormer Pramet, KLEIN automotive, TDK Electronics from the Šumperk district, SSI Schäfer from Hranice, district of Přerov, MUBEA and MB TOOL from Prostějov, and CS-CONT from the Jeseník district.

The electrical engineering industry is strongly represented and its impact has increased in recent years, especially due to the arrival of several foreign investors. The most prominent include HELLA AUTOTECHNIK NOVA and Siemens in Mohelnice, M.L.S. Holice in Olomouc, Robertshaw in Šternberk and SEV Litovel. The most prominent employers in Přerov include Meopta-optika; AVL MORAVIA in Hranice. Nestlé Česko, MAKOVEC, OLMA Olomouc, Pivovary CZ Group and PENAM bakeries remain the biggest employers in the food industry.

A relatively high proportion of people are employed in construction and agriculture. The leading employers in construction include Skanska, GEMO Olomouc and EKOZIS.

Employer demand for labour is uneven. The marginal areas of the region offer fewer and, for the most part, less attractive jobs.

The unemployment rate in the Olomouc Region was 3.3% (as of 31 March 2022). The highest unemployment rate was in the Jeseník district (5.2%), the lowest in Prostějov (2.3%) and Olomouc (2.9%).

Population mobility is limited both by geographic conditions and transport service levels.

Employers prefer candidates with experience and advanced professional skills. Graduates are especially preferred with a knowledge of working with computer technology, at a higher than user level. An active knowledge of foreign languages is often required, especially for university graduates. Graduates of technical schools are sought consistently, with all levels of education, as they are in short supply.

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The labour market is still significantly short of engineering professions at various levels of education - from apprentices to university graduates. Employers have long been seeking qualified turners, millers, welders, metal grinders and mechanical metalworkers, as well as designers, engineering technicians and mechanical engineers with higher education. Demand is also high for construction workers and crafts persons, warehouse workers and assembly workers. There is also great demand for experienced international truck drivers who can communicate in at least one world language.

There are several professional areas where the supply of jobseekers outweighs employers’ requirements, especially for shop assistants, cleaners and other auxiliary and unskilled professions.

The Zlín Region is located in the east of the Republic and borders Slovakia in its eastern part. It consists of four districts - Kroměříž, Uherské Hradiště, Vsetín and Zlín. The Zlín Region has a population of almost 573 000.

In the past, the Zlín Region was rightly regarded as an economically strong area with a significant concentration of large industrial enterprises. Shoes, tyres, machines and aircraft were products traditionally associated with the centre of the region.

Since approximately the mid-1990s, the economically stable position of Zlín and the whole of eastern Moravia has been shaken in the wake of privatisation and industrial restructuring. As a result, current gross domestic product is below average, although the region is still perceived as a rich and dynamic region in the context of Czechia.

As of 31 March 2022, the Zlín Region had 10 686 registered jobseekers, with an unemployment rate of 2.6%, which is a year-on-year decrease of 0.8%. Unemployment above the regional average has long been reported by the Vsetín district; by way of contrast, there is lower unemployment in the Uherské Hradiště, Zlín and Kroměříž Regions. As of 31 March 2022, there were 13 496 vacancies available with 0.8 jobseekers per vacancy. The lowest number of vacancies has long been reported by the Kroměříž district.

In the region’s economy, industry is dominant, with a higher representation than at the national level. The most significant companies in the region include Continental Barum s.r.o., Trelleborg Wheel Systems Czech Republic a.s. (tyre manufacture), Česká zbrojovka a.s. (weapons), Fatra a.s. (plastics industries), ON SEMICONDUCTOR Czechia s.r.o. (production of single crystals and wafers, and semiconductor components). A major industry in the region is mechanical engineering, especially the manufacture of aircraft and their components, the manufacture of machining centres and CNC lathes, the manufacture of weapons, tyres and microelectronics.

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All districts of the region of Zlín show a very similar pattern of reported vacancies. The most commonly required professions include assembly workers, bricklayers, machine operators for the manufacture and processing of rubber products, goods vehicle and tractor drivers, machine operators for the manufacture and processing of plastic products. In terms of long-term vacancies, these are mainly vacancies advertised for professional engineering professions, in particular adjusters and machine tool operators, and there is a strong demand for welders, flame cutters, goods vehicle drivers and bricklayers. There is a permanent demand for doctors and certified physiotherapists. There is a real possibility of finding a job in these professions, especially if the candidate is able to communicate in Czech.

The unemployed most often seek jobs as auxiliary workers in manufacturing, general administrative staff, shop assistants, cleaners, security agency personnel, passenger car and small van drivers, and assembly workers.

The educational structure of unemployed people has remained unchanged in the long run. The largest group is formed by jobseekers with apprenticeships, followed by those with secondary education and people with elementary education, while people with university education make up the smallest group.

The Moravian-Silesian Region is located in the north-eastern part of Czechia and borders the Zlín and the Olomouc Regions. It includes the districts of Bruntál, Frýdek-Místek, Karviná, Nový Jičín, Opava and Ostrava-City. Since the 19th century it has been one of the most important industrial regions of Central Europe. Within Czechia, the Moravian-Silesian Region is a region with a strong industrial presence. The traditional industries include mining and related iron and steel production.

In recent years, heavy industry has been gradually replaced by sectors of the manufacturing industry, and the services sector has also recorded a strong development.

Companies have been gaining ground in information and innovation technologies, electronics and the automotive industry. There are a number of smaller and larger companies in the region focused on traditional crafts, cutting-edge technologies and hi-tech products.

The Moravian-Silesian Region is one of the most populated regions in Czechia with a total population of 1 177 632 as of 31 December 2021. The population of the regional capital of Ostrava was 291 819 as of 1 January 2020, which is roughly one-fourth of the total population of the region. Other large cities with populations over 50 000 are Havířov, Karviná, Frýdek-Místek and Opava.

Due to the restructuring of the economic base which has been going on in the region since 1990, the region has been facing social problems related to unemployment. As of 31 March 2022, the unemployment rate of the Moravian-Silesian Region was 5.0%. A higher unemployment rate than the regional average was recorded in three districts of the Moravian-Silesian Region, namely in Karviná (8.4%), Bruntál (6.3%) and Ostrava (5.4%). On the other hand, a lower rate was registered in the districts of Nový Jičín (2.9%), Opava (2.9%) and Frýdek-Místek (3.1%). Young people are also at risk of unemployment. As of 31 March 2022 there were 4 144 vacancies registered for graduates and adolescents, with 0.4 jobseekers per vacancy in this category.

The Moravian-Silesian Region remains one of the most economically important areas in Czechia. There is a diversity of industries, many suitable buildings and land for new investments, industrial zones already prepared and in preparation, the potential of a skilled workforce, considerable potential for technical expertise, a relatively dense and continually developing network of rail and bus services, an international airport with the prospect of rapid early development. Moreover, the region’s border areas provide opportunities for effective cooperation in the manufacturing sector, in infrastructure development, environmental protection and, above all, in tourism. Prominent employers in the region (by number of employees) include. TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a. s., Liberty Ostrava a.s., University Hospital in Ostrava, Varroc Lighting Systems, s.r.o, OKD, a.s., Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Czech s.r.o., University of Mining and Technology - Technical University of Ostrava, Vitesco Technologies Czech Republic s.r.o., Tieto Czech s.r.o., H R U Š K A , spol. s r.o., Siemens, s.r.o., Ostrava City Hospital, contributory organisation, Brose CZ spol. s r.o., Dopravní podnik Ostrava a.s., Teva Czech Industries s.r.o., SUNGWOO HITECH s.r.o., the University of Ostrava, BONATRANS GROUP a.s.

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Highest number of vacancies registered in public employment services in the Moravian-Silesian Region, as of 31 March 2022 (in descending order by number of vacancies):

• Crafts persons and repairers, of which most were for bricklayers, stove fitters, tilers and dry construction fitters;
• Machinery and equipment operators, fitters, of which most were for assembly workers of other products;
• Auxiliary and unskilled workers, of which most were for other auxiliary construction workers;
• Service and sales workers, of which most were for cooks (excluding chefs) and assistant cooks.

The highest numbers of jobseekers registered by public employment services are in the following occupations (in descending order by number of registered jobseekers) as of 31 March 2022:

• Auxiliary and unskilled workers, of which the largest group comprises other auxiliary manufacturing workers
• Service and sales workers, of which the largest group comprises security guards and security agency staff;
• Machinery and equipment operators, and fitters, of which the largest group comprises car and small van drivers, and taxi drivers
• Crafts persons and repairers, of which the largest group comprises toolmakers and related workers