Labour market information: Czechia

The labour market situation in Czechia is marked by significant regional differences. This is particularly evident when comparing the northern and eastern regions of the country with Central Bohemia or the capital city of Prague. Labour market developments also correspond to the seasons, with unemployment higher in winter and falling as spring approaches. In the previous month, 34 361 people registered with the Czech Labour Office and 43 400 people left. Many of them have found employment in retail, construction, public administration, defence and social security, wholesale or education. And tradesmen who have temporarily suspended their business are currently resuming their activities.

According to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the current share of unemployed persons in the whole Czech Republic as of 31 March 2023 is 3.7%, which is a slight increase compared to last year, when the share of unemployed persons was 3.4%. As of 31 March 2023 the unemployment rate in Prague was 3.1%. The highest unemployment rates were in March in the Karlovy Vary (6%), Ústí nad Labem (6%) and Moravian-Silesian Region (5.1%). On the other hand, the lowest unemployment was in the Zlín, Plzeň and Pardubice regions (all 2.9%).

Of the total number of registered applicants, 53.6% were women. The average age of the unemployed was 43.3 years in March, while 37 243 people with disabilities (13.6%) were looking for work that month.

Statistics on the employment of EU citizens indicate that most of those workers come from neighbouring countries. As of 31 December 2022, these are mainly citizens of Slovakia (236 430) and Poland (52 072), but also from further away such as Romania (49 269), Bulgaria (39 071) and Hungary (25 438). There are also people from third countries, mainly from Ukraine (300 889), Vietnam (38 029), the Russian Federation (24 923), Mongolia (8 255) and Belarus (7 077).

At the end of March, 97 120 people from Ukraine with temporary protection were working in the Czech Republic. The highest number of people was in the Central Bohemia Region (16 721), the Plzeň Region (14 514) and the South Moravia Region (10 400). Most often as product and equipment assemblers or helpers in construction, production and transport or as stationary machine operators. In certain areas, employers got the staff they needed. One of the most common obstacles to the exercise of skilled professions is the language barrier. The Labour Office of the Czech Republic therefore offers foreigners, among other things, assistance with financing Czech language courses. In March 2023 alone, 618 foreigners entered the course. It has always been about the chosen retraining.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the average gross monthly nominal wage per employee in the national economy totalled CZK 43 412, which is CZK 3 188 (7.9%) more than in the same period of 2021. This is approximately EUR 1 847 (CNB, Euro exchange rate as of 26.4.2023) per month. From 1 January 2023, the basic rate of the minimum wage will increase by CZK 1 100 per month to CZK 17 300 (approximately EUR 736), which amounts to CZK 103.80 (approximately EUR 4.40) per hour.

Sources used:

Czech Statistical Office

Public administration portal of the Czech Republic

Foreigners in the Czech Republic

Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

Czech Labour Office

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The Czech Labour Office had a total of 273 478 jobseekers registered as of March 2023. However, vacancies continue to outnumber applicants, with 284 525 positions being offered as of March 2023. According to EUROSTAT, we continue to rank among the lowest countries with an unemployment rate of 2.6% (for March) and an average of 1 job seeker per job vacancy.

Jobseekers most often find employment as workers in retail trade, specialised construction activities, public administration, defence and social security, wholesale trade, education, crop and livestock production or metal construction.

The largest employers in Czechia are companies: Agrofert, Česká pošta s. p., ŠKODA AUTO a.s., ČEZ a.s. and České dráhy (Czech Railways).

Employers continue to be interested in new employees, mostly in blue-collar and highly skilled occupations. There is a long-term demand for skilled craftsmen. For 71.6% of the reported vacancies, employers are looking for candidates with primary or lower education, while 70.9% of the vacancies are suitable for foreigners. Employers are interested in building construction workers, forklift operators and warehouse workers, assembly workers, CNC machine operators, truck and tractor-trailer drivers, cooks, bricklayers, masons and tilers, and cleaners. The highest demand for new employees is in Prague (78 112 jobs) and the Central Bohemia Region (58 300 jobs).

Jobseekers with lower qualifications, especially those with an apprenticeship without a high school diploma and primary education, were most often among the unemployed. Changes in the structure of the unemployed by level of education show that the highest year-on-year increase occurred in the case of registered applicants with primary education and applicants with higher education. As regards the breakdown by occupation, at the end of March, the largest number of auxiliary and unskilled workers were registered with the Labour Office of the Czech Republic, 84 727.

As far as graduates are concerned, at the end of March 2023 there was a total of 12 343 graduates from all levels of education, and adolescents, registered at Labour Offices.

At present, companies are not required to report vacancies to the Czech Labour Office.

Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic, a region and a municipality This fact also reflects its role as the natural centre for politics, international relations, education, culture and the economy. As home to more than one million inhabitants, it is part of the socio-economic and residential structure of the whole country as the centre of administration and self-government. It is the seat of a large number of state institutions and numerous other organisations and companies. It hosts the seat of the President of the Republic, the Parliament, the Government, central state authorities and one of the two Supreme Courts. In addition, Prague is the seat of a number of other authorities, and of both central and local governments. It is also home to the headquarters of most of the political parties and almost all the churches, religious and other associations that have a national presence registered in Czechia.

Prague is the core of the largest microregion for employment in Czechia. Prague as such, in relation to commuting distances, is the main and dominant centre with the largest number of job opportunities not only for the surrounding Central Bohemia region, but also on a national scale. It is a city with a high concentration of job opportunities, a stable and diverse labour market and a workforce with above-average skills. An important role is also played by the high-quality background support from educational and scientific and research institutions. Employment in Prague is persistently low.

The unemployment rate in Prague was 3.00% (as at 30.4.2023). In April 2023, a total of 27 810 jobseekers were reported in Prague. According to the level of education, applicants with primary education + practical school prevail - approx. 27.7%; secondary vocational education (apprenticeship) - approx. 20.6% of the total number of applicants; followed by applicants with secondary education with a high school diploma (without apprenticeship) - approx. 19.1%. A relatively large number of applicants have a university degree - about 14.8% of the total number of applicants.

- General administrative workers, secretaries, and data entry and word processing workers (11.0%); personal service workers (8.4%); sales workers (7.9%); drivers and and mobile facility operators (6.6%); cleaners and auxiliary workers (6.4%) and professionals in business and public administration (3.9%).

- by age, the predominant group of job seekers is 40-44 years old - approx. 12.6%; then 45-49 years old - approx. 12.3%; followed by the age category 55-59 years old - approx. 11.7% of the total number of job seekers.

The proportion of people aged 15-59 finding a job in Prague has been steadily increasing. Those of working age predominate in the population, particularly in the 30-39 age group. As far as foreigners from the EU are concerned, most of them are citizens from the Slovak Republic, Poland and Germany. The number of citizens from Ukraine has also increased a lot as a result of the war. Vietnamese citizens are next, by a greater margin.

The capital city of Prague is home to 661 357 economic entities (as of 31 March 2022), which is approximately 22% of all economic entities registered in the Czech Republic. Approximately 50 % of the business entities based in Prague consist of individuals doing business under the Trades Licensing Act. The capital city of Prague, as a region, is primarily characterised by a focus of businesses on the provision of personal services; industrial production is not the primary source of business activity within the region. Most large employers based in the region have branches throughout the Czech Republic and also influence the labour market in other regions.

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Employers are increasingly showing interest in workers from mining, construction, manufacturing, transport and related fields (24.66% of vacancies); crafts persons and skilled construction workers (excluding electricians), 10.3% of vacancies; drivers and mobile facility operators (9.2% of vacancies); personal services workers – (8.2% of vacancies); as well as cleaners and auxiliary workers (7.9% of vacancies), and information and communication technology specialists (7.5% of vacancies).

There are 24 612 jobseekers registered in the Capital City of Prague (as of 31.3.2022). Of this total, 13 057 were women (53.1 %). The highest number of unemployed are registered as people with elementary education+practical school (23.5 %); as well as with secondary vocational education (apprenticeship), 22.6 %; and with a school leaving certificate (with no apprenticeship), 22.1 %.

Jobseekers in Prague are most frequently interested in the following professions: General administrative workers, secretaries, and data entry and word processing workers (12.5%); personal service workers (9.7%); sales workers (8.4%); drivers and and mobile facility operators (7.2%); cleaners and auxiliary workers (6.5%)

and professionals in business and public administration (4.6%).

The Central Bohemia Region surrounds Prague, which is a self-governing unit (the region of the capital city of Prague), and comprises a total of 12 districts: Benešov, Beroun, Kladno, Kolín, Kutná Hora, Mělník, Mladá Boleslav, Nymburk, Prague-East, Prague-West, Příbram and Rakovník.

In terms of its size, number of municipalities and population, it is one of the largest regions - its area covers almost 14% of the Czech Republic.

Its favourable geographical location, dense traffic network and proximity to Prague create a large number of job opportunities for its citizens.

One of the region’s strength is the existence of development areas for business, the presence of strong companies of national significance, good conditions for the development of a wide range of agricultural production, including the manufacturing industry, and the growth of the service sector.

On the other hand, an disadvantage for the region is the evident imbalance in the relationship between Prague (as a metropolis of nationwide significance) and Central Bohemia (as the periphery of Prague).

The development of the region is limited by the uneven distribution of jobs and industry within the region, by differences in the distribution of businesses and the performance of the economy and the absence of a regional administrative centre within its territory. The attraction of Prague is behind the migration of skilled labour from the regions.

The Central Bohemia Region is characterised by developed industrial production, agriculture, logistics; by way of contrast, the share of construction and services in total employment is lower, however, although the services sector has shown a significant increase in recent years.

Agricultural output benefits from the favourable natural conditions in the north-eastern part of the region.

The region excels mainly at crop production, growing wheat, barley, oilseed rape, sugar beet; and fruit, vegetable and flowers in suburban areas.

The mechanical engineering, automotive, chemical and food industries are key industries of national significance. Former traditional industries such as coal mining, steel making and leather working are in decline.

The registered unemployment rate in the region has been one of the lowest over the long term compared to the national average. At the level of individual districts, however, there are already significant differences in unemployment, influenced by the proximity to Prague and thus the possibility of making use of the capital city’s labour market. For example, the percentage of unemployment in Prague-East is 1.6%, Prague-West 1.7%, Kladno 4.6% and Příbram 4.5%.

The unemployment rate in the Central Bohemia Region as of 31.3.2023 was 3.7%.

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Employers show the greatest demand for workers with secondary vocational education with an apprenticeship certificate, with elementary education and full secondary education with a school leaving certificate.

Above all, employers are offering jobs for skilled workers with experience. Emphasis is put on other skills such as knowledge of languages, computer literacy, a driving licence, etc.

There is also a growing demand for unskilled or lower qualified workers. There is a continuous demand for service and shop workers (butchers, waiting staff, bakers), sales representatives and service and maintenance personnel (CNC machine operators, carpenters, bricklayers).

Jobseekers’ interest in these professions is minimal, mainly for financial reasons, an unwillingness or the impossibility of commuting to work or working in 24/7 operation or shifts. The structure of job vacancies, which differs from that of jobseekers and their professional focus, also plays an important role.

There are long-term persistent problems with the placement of school graduates and adolescents without the necessary experience, of jobseekers with restricted abilities and of citizens over the age of 50 with all levels of education. Jobseekers without qualifications, the long-term unemployed and registered women with children under 15 also find it difficult to enter the labour market.

The most important employers in the Central Bohemia Region include: ŠKODA AUTO, TPCA, Philip Morris, Spolana Neratovice, Bramco, AMAZON, Ariete Group, Kaučuk Kralupy, RAVAK Příbram, Kovohutě Příbram, Danone Benešov, Procter and Gamble – Rakona Rakovník, Pivovar Krušovice, Velkopopovický pivovar Kozel, Lego Production Kladno, Strojírny Poldi Kladno, Valeo Beroun, Sellier & Bellot Vlašim, Fox Conn Technology, Continental Automotive CR, Behr Czech, Lázně Poděbrady, Bob Cat Dobříš.

The South Bohemian Region is located in the southern part of the Czech Republic. The southern and western borders of the region are the national borders with Austria and Germany. The total area of the region is 10 056 km². The South Bohemia Region is the region with the lowest population density in the Czech Republic.

Most of the population live in the following cities: České Budějovice, Tábor, Písek, Strakonice, Jindřichův Hradec, Český Krumlov and Prachatice. Conversely, the agricultural and mountain areas by the borders are much less populated. The total population of the South Bohemia Region was 637 209 inhabitants as of 31.12.2023.

The region has always been more recreational in nature than industrial. Industrial production is concentrated mainly in the České Budějovice agglomeration and in the Tábor and Strakonice districts. Manufacturing industry (food and beverages, transport equipment, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing) prevails. Agriculture focuses on crop production, mainly the growing of cereals, oilseeds and potatoes. Cattle and pig breeding dominates within livestock production. Fish farming has a long tradition in this region. The total area of fish breeding ponds is around 25 000 ha. They produce half of the Czech Republic’s fish output.

The unemployment rate, i.e. the ratio of available jobseekers aged 15-64 to the population of the same age group in the region reached 3% (as of 31.3.2022).

The unemployment trend in the region is characterised mainly by seasonality linked to work in tourism, construction and agriculture. The highest unemployment was reported in the Český Krumlov district. Conversely, the lowest unemployment was in the Jindřichův Hradec district. Most people were employed in manufacturing industry, commerce, construction, public administration, health care, education, transport, agriculture, and in the catering and hotel sectors.

The most important employers in the South Bohemia Region include: Robert Bosch s.r.o. Č. Budějovice, Hospital České Budějovice a.s., University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, KOH-I-NOOR Hardtmuth a.s., Č. Budějovice, nuclear power plant ČEZ a. s. - jaderná elektrárna Temelín, s.n.o.p. cz a.s. Písek, Jihostroj Velešín, Rhode Schwarz Vimperk, DURA Automotive CZ k. s. Blatná, Kovosvit MAS Sezimovo Ústí, Vishay Electronic spol. s.r.o. Blatná, Schneider Electric a.s. Písek and TRW-DAS a.s., Dačice.

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In the South Bohemian Region, employers have problems filling vacancies mainly in crafts and repair work, machinery and equipment operation and in services. Employers were most interested in the following professions:

• drivers of trucks, tractors and special vehicles
• other equipment assembly workers
• bricklayers and dry construction fitters
• plastic production and processing machine operators
• cooks, assistant cooks
• auxiliary workers in manufacturing
• assembly workers for electrical, energy and electronic equipment
• toolmakers and related workers
• building construction workers
• mechanical equipment assembly workers

The largest numbers of unemployed in the South Bohemia Region are registered in the ranks of auxiliary and unskilled workers, followed by service and trade workers and administrative workers.

In many cases, however, these are long-term unemployed, especially in the case of auxiliary and unskilled workers.

The highest number of registered jobseekers was in the following professions:

• auxiliary workers in manufacturing
• shop assistants
• cleaners and auxiliary workers
• general administrative staff
• bricklayers
• drivers of passenger cars and small vans
• security guards
• cooks, assistant cooks
• kitchen helpers
• waiting staff
• warehousemen, forklift operators

The Plzeň Region consists of seven districts: Domažlice, Klatovy, Plzeň-City, Plzeň-South, Plzeň-North, Rokycany and Tachov. It has 501 municipalities and an area of 7 649 km². The Plzeň region has 591 041 inhabitants (as of 31.12.2022).  The regional city of Plzeň has 154 490 inhabitants (as of 31.12.2022), which is 27% of the total population in the region.

The most important industries in the Plzeň Region include engineering, food, construction materials and ceramics, energy generation and distribution, and the iron and steel industry. There are 2 large industrial zones in the region. The largest one is located in Bor near Tachov and the second one in Borské pole in the regional town of Plzeň. Other smaller industrial zones are in Stoda, Holýšov, Rokycany, Dobřany, Přeštice, Klatovy, Nýřany and Ostrov u Stříbra. The other parts of the region, outside the catchment areas of the district towns and larger settlements, are mainly devoted to agriculture or recreation.

The rate of unemployed persons (RUP) reached 2.9% in the region as of 31 March 2023 (districts Domažlice 2.7%, Klatovy 3.0%, Plzeň-jih 2.0%, Plzeň-město 2.8%, Plzeň-sever 3.0%, Rokycany 3.6%, Tachov 3.3%). The Plzeň Region has long had one of the lowest unemployment rates in Czechia (for comparison, as of 31 March 2023, the RUP in Czechia was 3.7%).

As of 31 December 2022, a total of 16 employers employing more than 1 000 employees were based in the region, with 8 located in the Plzeň-město district. The region’s largest employer is Plzeň University Hospital, with around 5 000 employees. No less important entities in the region, which fall into the category of 2 000-2 499 employees, are the University of West Bohemia in Plzeň and Škoda Transportation s.r.o., from the category of 1 500-1 999 employees it is worth mentioning MD ELEKTRONIK spol. s.r.o., International Automotive Components Group s.r.o., Borgers CS spol. s r.o., and Daikin Industries Czech Republic s.r.o. Other important employers who are definitely worth mentioning include Plzeňský Prazdroj a.s., LOXXESS Bor s.r.o. and Rodenstock ČR s.r.o.

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As of 31 March 2023, there were around 19 000 registered job vacancies in the Plzeň Region, 75% of which were vacancies for foreign nationals. In terms of education, the highest number of vacancies was for jobseekers with elementary education (88% of vacancies), secondary vocational education (with an apprenticeship certificate, 8% of vacancies); whereas the labour offices have the fewest vacancies for jobseekers with higher vocational degrees or doctorates.

Employers in the region are primarily seeking production workers (assembly workers, warehouse workers, machine operators), while the most sought-after professions include construction workers, bricklayers, truck drivers, locksmiths, welders, health and social care workers, chefs, sales staff, software programmers and administrators, adjusters and agriculture and forestry auxiliary workers.

The greatest proportion of the total number of jobseekers comprises auxiliary and unskilled workers (26.9 %). The second largest group comprises services and sales staff (21%). The third largest group then comprised jobseekers applying for positions as machinery and equipment operators (15.1 %).

The Karlovy Vary Region is situated in the west of Czechia. Covering an area of 3 314 km² it takes up a mere 4.2% of Czechia, and is one of the country’s smallest regions. The region consists of 3 districts - Cheb, Karlovy Vary and Sokolov - each of which has its own specific features:

Karlovy Vary district: The largest (46% of the region's area) district with the largest proportion of inhabitants. With regard to economy, the Karlovy Vary district is characterised by both industry and agriculture, with a significant portion of spa tourism and tourism in general.

Sokolov district: It is the smallest district in terms of area (23% of the region) and population. The district’s economy is centred around brown coal mining, energy production, and the chemical and mechanical engineering industries. In the long term, it has the highest proportion of unemployed people and the lowest number of employers.

Cheb district: It is the westernmost district of the Czech Republic, its area represents 31% of the entire region. Economically, it is most strongly characterised by the industrial sector (the ever-expanding industrial zone) and the spa industry. In the long term, it has the lowest proportion of unemployed persons in the region (below the Czech average).

According to data from the Czech Statistical Office, as of 31 December 2021 the total population of the Karlovy Vary Region was 283 161, of which 186 390 were economically active. Compared to other regions of Czechia, the labour force in the Karlovy Vary Region can be briefly characterised as a relatively young population, with a lower average level of education (particularly due to the lower proportion of university-educated inhabitants than the national average) and a higher proportion of non-nationals living and working in the region. The citizens of Karlovy Vary Region also commute to work to the neighbouring Germany.

The unemployment rate in the region as of 31 March 2023 was 4.3%. There are 1.4 applicants for every 1 vacancy. The largest group of the unemployed are mainly people with primary education and secondary vocational education with an apprenticeship certificate.

Important causes of high unemployment include, among others: 1) the low educational structure of the population and the associated discrepancy between labour supply and demand (jobseekers often do not meet employers' requirements), 2) inadequate transport links in municipalities located outside catchment cities, making it difficult for non-mobile citizens to find work, 3) the lowest wages in comparison with other regions of Czechia, and the narrow focus of some areas solely on tourism and the spa and hotel industries.

Factors positively affecting unemployment include: 1) a generally diverse structure of industries with a long tradition (glass and porcelain production, forestry and agriculture, lignite mining, energy, chemical and engineering industry, etc.), 2) cooperation between major employers and secondary schools (whose graduates can be recruited), 3) proximity to the border with Germany (cheaper labour for German investors).

Major employers by field of activity are:

• Manufacturing industry: WITTE Nejdek, spol. s r.o. and WITTE ACCESS TECHNOLOGY s.r.o. (system solutions and automotive components), Thun 1794 a.s. (porcelain), Wieland Electric s.r.o. (electrical installation), SKF Lubrication Systems CZ, s.r.o. (bearings and seals), Heinz-Glas Decor s.r.o. (glass packaging), Amphenol Tuchel Industrial GmbH, branch plant (connectors, cable harnesses)
• Spa: Léčebné lázně Jáchymov, a.s., Léčebné lázně Mariánské lázně a. s.
• Healthcare: Karlovarská krajská nemocnice a.s., Nemocnice Sokolov s.r.o.
• Mining industry: Sokolovská uhelná, právní nástupce, a.s.
• Chemical industry: Synthomer a.s.
• Services: DHL Solutions k.s.

The labour market is dominated by vacancies for jobseekers with primary education. Employers continue to be interested in new employees, mostly in blue-collar and highly skilled occupations. There is a long-term demand for skilled craft occupations. However, job applicants often do not meet the requirements of employers, which is why employers agree to employ a foreigner from a so-called third country in about 75% of the job vacancy reports. The Ukrainian crisis has not affected the regional labour market, there are still enough job vacancies (many people with temporary protection are taking care of small children, they cannot work in shifts, the supply of job vacancies does not correspond to the demand, the lack of knowledge of Czech is also a barrier).

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Employers in the Karlovy Vary Region demand employees from virtually all fields. In terms of vacancies, the following positions are the most important:

• toolmakers and related workers
• skilled craftsmen
• assembly workers
• drivers
• auxiliary workers in manufacturing
• service workers
• catering workers - cooks, waiters/waitresses
• health care workers - nurses, doctors, support staff
• sales representatives
• operation of machinery and equipment
• textile production workers
• seamstresses

Seasonal employment offers other jobs - mainly in forestry, public cleaning, spa, gastronomy, construction and tourism.

As of 31 March 2023, the Labour Office of the Czech Republic (ÚP ČR), Regional Branch Office in Karlovy Vary registered a total of 8 550 jobseekers. Of this number, 7 759 were jobseekers aged 15-64. Job placement and inclusion in the register of jobseekers was/is mainly requested by people who worked in manufacturing, as well as as cleaners in public areas and cleaners and helpers in hotels, administrative, industrial and other buildings.

Despite more expensive energy or raw materials, most employers are trying to maintain their current workforces and are not planning significant staff reductions - no mass layoffs have been reported as of March. Seasonal employment is expected to pick up as it does every year, so unemployment in the region is likely to fall in the coming months.

The overall labour market situation in the Karlovy Vary Region in 2023 will be affected by the overall economic situation in the Czech Republic (high energy prices, high inflation or problems in supply chains). The situation will also evolve according to developments in the war in Ukraine and the situation in Germany.

The Ústí Region is located by the north-western border of the Czech Republic, where it borders Germany. There are many new investors here, but the Ústí Region is also dealing with some adverse trends. In addition to high unemployment, it has a severely damaged environment; the region fails to attract educated people due to the lack of universities; it has a large number of people with only elementary or no education; levels of long-term unemployment are significant, while direct foreign investment, which is one of the growth factors for regional economies in Czechia, is in decline. The region’s advantages include its natural reserves of mineral resources, although these are undergoing extensive transformation, and its tradition of industrial production (established mining, energy and chemical industries). The region offers a high proportion of cheap labour. As of 28 February 2023, the labour offices in the Ústí nad Labem Region had registered a total of 31 894 job seekers, of whom 17 877 were women, and there were 11 818 job vacancies. The relatively high unemployment rate is also a problem. As of 28 February 2023, the share of the unemployed in the population aged 15-64 in the Ústí nad Labem Region reached approximately 5.8%. Due to the concentration of industry and population, with 796 710 inhabitants (as of 31/12/2023), the Ústí Region is a relatively significant market within Czechia, easily accessible from Prague and from neighbouring Saxony.

There are four areas in the region that differ significantly in terms of economic specialisation, their settlement and social structure, and the extent of environmental damage:

• The Basin - characterised by the concentration of industry with a high population density and larger cities, specialising in mining of minerals, especially brown coal, energy and chemical production. These are the districts of Chomutov, Most and Teplice.
• Industrial-agricultural area - especially the districts of Litoměřice, with its agricultural specialisation in fruit growing, vegetable growing, viticulture, hop growing and Louny, focussing on cereals, oil plants, meat and egg production, hop growing. In both districts, employment in agriculture has fallen significantly in the last 15 years and job opportunities are being provided by industry.
• Krušné Hory (the Ore Mountains) - a very sparsely populated mountain belt, constituting a major natural and social and cultural barrier where there is almost no economic activity.
• Industrial area - these are the districts of Ústí nad Labem and Děčín. Part of this area has a high population density and diverse industrial production (chemical, engineering, automotive, textile and food industries). The rest of the area, with a relatively high level of environmental quality, is used for recreational purposes.

The most important employers in the different areas include:

• Mining industry - Members of the Czech Coal Group (Czech Coal Services, Litvínovská Uhelná, a.s. and Vršanská Uhelná, a.s.), Severočeské doly a.s. including Doly Bílina
• Chemical industry - UNIPETROL RPA, s.r.o., Spolek pro chemickou a hutní výrobu a.s.
• Automobile industry - Johnson Controls k.s., TRCZ, s.r.o., AGC Automotive Czech a.s. Chudeřice, KOITO CZECH s.r.o., Magna Automotive (CZ) s.r.o.
• Engineering industry – Toyoda Gosei Czech s.r.o., TOS a.s., Pierburg s.r.o.
• Energy sector – ČEZ, a.s.
• Health care - Krajská zdravotní a.s.
• Glass industry – AGC Flat Glass Czech Teplice
• Transport - Správa železniční a dopravní cesty s.p. (the Railway and Transport Infrastructure Administration)

The citizens of the Karlovy Vary Region also commute to neighbouring Germany for work.

At present, there is a need in the Ústí nad Labem region mainly for employees in construction, health care, gastronomy, trade and services, the textile industry, transport, auxiliary services, metal-crafts and for agriculture during the summer months. In general, for these professions the required level of education is secondary vocational or higher.

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The available jobs mostly consist of apprenticeships, in both manufacturing and services. The situation for university graduates is relatively good, where the number of jobseekers per job is relatively low. The demand is mostly for jobseekers in the following professions: doctors, nurses, machine fitters, metalworkers, welders, lathe operators, cooks, waiting staff, bartenders, and sales representatives.
In general, for these professions the required level of education is secondary vocational or higher.

Citizens with elementary and ‘lower-level’ education (33.1%) continue to encounter difficulties. This group represents the largest portion of the total number of registered jobseekers, for whom job opportunities appear only sporadically. It is a challenge to enhance the placement of this group in the labour market. The highest number of jobseekers are auxiliary and unskilled workers, assembly workers, shop assistants, cooks, waiting staff, administrative staff, drivers of passenger cars and small vans, and crafts persons. Simultaneously, the process of restructuring brown coal mining is underway.

The Liberec Region has an area of 3 163 km² and is located in the north of Czechia on the border with Germany and Poland. The region consists of the districts of Česká Lípa, Jablonec nad Nisou, Liberec and Semily. The Liberec Region has a predominantly industrial character. Over the course of twenty years, the traditional textile industry has lost its dominant position, and the economic recession in recent years has also affected the glass and costume jewellery industry. The manufacturing industry is focused on car production and the manufacture of rubber and plastic products. Tourism is a significant part of the Liberec region’s economy. Agriculture is only a complementary sector.

Education is represented by a network of elementary and secondary schools. Secondary art schools are important in the region, and their significance extends beyond the region. They consist of glass and costume jewellery secondary schools. University education is represented by the Technical University of Liberec. There is a modern scientific information centre in the region - the Regional Science Library in Liberec.

Basic health care is provided by a network of outpatient facilities and pharmacies. The most important health facility in the Liberec Region is the Liberec Hospital, which is also one of the most important employers in the region.

The region offers a number of benefits for future investors: There is a long-standing industrial tradition and a concentration of high-quality workers. There are several industrial zones in the regions, the largest being the greenfield industrial zone Liberec South, covering an area of 125 ha. The zone is linked to the Prague - Liberec motorway. The functional work of the industrial zone is mainly the manufacture of construction and machine tools, insulation materials, car accessories, kitchen equipment; data and telecommunication services, forwarding and logistics services. The biggest employers of this zone include the Japanese company Denso Manufacturing Czech, Fehrer Bohemia s.r.o. and Laird s.r.o. Another industrial zone is Liberec North, where Knorr-Bremse ČR is another important employer.  Outside Liberec, there are other industrial areas with significant employers, such as Adient Czech Republic k.s. And Alstom Czech Republic a.s. in Česká Lípa and Drylock Technologies s.r.o. in Hrádek nad Nisou, as well as Preciosa, Jablotron or Raymond s.r.o. in Jablonec nad Nisou. Other important employers worthy of note in the region are the Canadian company Magna Exteriors (Bohemia), based in Liberec, and the German company Benteler, whose plant is located in Chrastava, with a production centre in Jablonec nad Nisou and an engineering branch of the company in Liberec.

In addition to good industrial development conditions, the region also has excellent prerequisites for the growth of tourism in the summer and winter seasons; there is a tradition of forest management, six protected landscape areas and a relatively dense network of regional railways and roads.

The total population of the Liberec Region was 436 810 (as of 31.12.2022).

The unemployment rate in the region was 4.11% (as of 08.03.2023).

Employers demand both skilled workers, especially in engineering, and unskilled workers, to whom they offer training prior to working on production and assembly lines.

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Employers offer most job vacancies to workers with secondary vocational education - with an apprenticeship certificate, as well as to workers with elementary education, a school leaving certificate or a university education. With regard to the structure of the economy in the region, there are vacancies mainly in engineering, as well as in construction, health care and services.

There is currently a lack of staff in health care (doctors, nurses and nursing staff), as well as a shortage of scientists and experts in physics and the biological sciences, skilled workers in construction and engineering and personnel to operate industrial equipment - workers in production and operations. There is also a shortage of workers in trade.

There is a staff surplus in administration, of service workers, teachers, sales staff and goods demonstrators, workers in agriculture, forestry and fishery, and of drivers.

There is high unemployment in the microregions of Novoměstsko, Frýdlantsko and Doksko. The job opportunities before the change in the economic regime, especially in the Frýdlant outcrop, were strongly linked to the textile industry and agriculture. In both these sectors, the number of jobs has been significantly reduced. For the most part, those so released have lower level qualifications. Entrepreneurial and investment activity is low the region due to the lower qualifications level of the population, the limited transport possibilities and a certain degree of geographical isolation.

The total population of the Hradec Králové Region was 542 198 as of 31 December 2022.

The region is situated in the north-eastern part of Bohemia, sharing a large part of its border with Poland, namely the mountain massif, where the highest peak of Czechia - Sněžka (1 603 m above sea level) - is located. The rest of the region is occupied mostly by the fertile Elbe lowlands.

The Hradec Králové Region can be characterised as an industrial-agricultural region with well developed tourism. The industry is concentrated in the major cities, with intensive agriculture in the Elbe region. The Krkonoše Mountains are notable for having the largest concentration of tourism in Czechia. There is a long-standing tradition of mechanical engineering, manufacturing and construction industries with small and medium-sized companies strongly represented. A large part of the region is traditionally agricultural with favourable conditions for diverse crops and animal farming.

Compared to Czechia as a whole, the region has a larger proportion of inhabitants with no education or only elementary education, and fewer university students. It should also be mentioned that most university students from the region leave to study in other regions. The current number of public and private college students residing in the county in the 2022/2023 school year is 13 010. In terms of employment, most workers are employed in manufacturing, in wholesale and retail, as well as in health care and social services. There is a significant presence in scientific and technical professions. The region has a high proportion of specialists, technical and professional workers. Employment is high in education, the manufacture of electronic and optical devices and equipment, the manufacture of motor vehicles and electrical equipment, engineering, textile manufacture, and the rubber and plastics industry.

 In March 2023, the proportion of unemployed persons was 3.19%, which corresponded to roughly 6th place compared to other regions in the Czech Republic.

In the long term, the lowest unemployment rate is in the Rychnov nad Kněžnou district (1.8%, the third lowest in the entire Czechia), while the highest is in the Náchod district at 3.9%. Favourable values can also be observed on the labour market in Kostelec nad Orlicí (1.8%), Jičín (1.9%) and Dobruška (2%). On the other hand, the worst situation is in Broumov, where unemployment has reached 8%. In towns such as Dvůr Králové n. L., Jaroměř or Nový Bydžov, there is an accumulation of various factors that influence the development of the area - transport accessibility, population structure, supply of jobs and others, while the unemployment rate ranges between 3.9% and 4.5%.

Within the Hradec Králové Region there is relatively little interest in commuting to work across the border into Poland. The situation is different as regards commuting in the other direction. Commuters mostly travel to Western countries such as Germany and Austria. In general, men most often commute for construction work, while women commute to work in social services.

The largest and most significant employers in the Hradec Králové Region are:

Continental Automotive Czech Republic s.r.o. in Trutnov, JUTA a.s. in Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Karsit Holding, s.r.o. and Kimberly-Clark, s.r.o. in Jaroměř, Saar Gummi Czech, s.r.o. in Červený Kostelec, Rubena, s.r.o. and ATAS elektromotory Náchod a.s. in Náchod, Ammann Czech Republic, a.s. and Hronovský, s.r.o. in Nové Město nad Metují, ŠKODA AUTO, a.s. in Kvasiny, VEBA, textilní závody a.s. in Broumov, C.S.CARGO a.s. in Jičín, Trelleborg Bohemia, a.s. and ARROW International CR., a.s. in Hradec Králové.

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In the Hradec Králové Region, employers have problems filling some vacancies. According to the available data, employers are particularly interested in auxiliary workers in construction, manufacturing and transport, craftsmen and skilled construction workers, repairmen, engineering workers, machine and equipment operators and fitters. There is also an increased demand for service workers - general administrative workers, sales workers, social and health services workers (doctor/physician or general nurse), drivers (especially forklift drivers, lorry drivers or bus drivers) and mobile equipment operators or cleaners and security and safety workers. In March 2023, there was 1 candidate per vacancy.

The Czech Labour Office had a total of 12 124 jobseekers registered as of 31 January 2023. There was 1 applicant for every vacancy on the Labour Office's register. Women dominated among jobseekers in January, accounting for 51.6% of the total number of jobseekers. Of the total number of jobseekers, school leavers and teenagers accounted for 5.0% and people with disabilities for 15.4%. People aged 55-59 accounted for 14.0% of the total.

The largest share of jobseekers is occupied by people with primary education and with an apprenticeship certificate. They are followed by candidates with a secondary vocational education ending with a secondary school leaving examination.

The Pardubice Region is located in the eastern part of Bohemia. Part of the north-eastern border of the region is also the Czech-Polish state border. The centre of the region, the city of Pardubice, is located 100 km to the east of Prague.

The Pardubice Region is the eighth largest region in Czechia, with an area of 4 519 km² and a population of 520 000. The larger cities are Chrudim, Svitavy and Ústí nad Orlicí.

Industry, but also commercial and public services are concentrated in the region. Investors use prepared industrial zones. The economic prosperity of the region is significantly influenced by the fact that a European railway corridor cuts across the region. Road, water and air transport is available also.

The electrical engineering industry, mechanical engineering, chemical, manufacturing, agricultural and food industries are all represented in the region. The chemical industry, based in the Pardubice district, is rather important. Traditionally, chemistry and transport specialists gain their diplomas from the University of Pardubice.

The unemployment rate in the Pardubice Region was 2.9% (as of 31 March 2023).

In the Pardubice district, the electrical engineering and chemical industries are especially dominant; both have a long tradition here. Also represented in the region are companies manufacturing components for the automotive industry. A number of foreign investors operate in the region, which has had a positive impact on the local labour market. The largest employer is FOXCONN CZ s.r.o., manufacturer of computers. Other important companies include Synthesia a.s., which manufactures basic chemical products and industrial chemicals, Panasonic Automotive Systems Czech s.r.o., production of car radios, KIEKERT-CS s.r.o., production of central car locking, Pardubice Regional Hospital and the University of Pardubice.

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The highest number of vacancies is in professions relating to the automotive industry (electrical engineering, metalworking, assembly works), in construction, commerce and services. In particular, there is increased interest in transport workers and in skilled personnel for the health care and social care sectors.

Employees with university, secondary vocational education and apprenticeships have the best opportunities in the labour market in the region, particularly in the fields of electrical engineering, information technology, healthcare, technical chemistry, construction, plastics processing, mechanical engineering, services, transport and logistics, and the skilled trades.

Job vacancies in manufacturing companies tend to be available for manufacturing operators, assembly workers and drivers in the transport sector.

As of 31 March 2023, there were approximately 10 300 job seekers and 15 100 vacancies in the records of the Labour Office in the Pardubice Region. There are 1.5 vacancies per jobseeker. The unemployed are predominantly those jobseekers with elementary education, secondary vocational education with an apprenticeship certificate, and jobseekers with secondary vocational education completed with a school-leaving examination.

Difficulties in entering the labour market are experienced by people with disabilities, those over 50, and those with low or incomplete education or with administrative qualifications.

The Vysočina Region is located in the central part of Czechia, adjacent to the regions of South Bohemia, Central Bohemia, Pardubice and South Moravia. It consists of three districts of the former South Moravia region (Jihlava, Třebíč, Žďár nad Sázavou), one district of the Central Bohemia region (Havlíčkův Brod) and one district of the South Bohemia region (Pelhřimov). Its characteristic features are its rugged territory, high altitude and low population density. The fragmented settlement structure affects the depopulation of smaller municipalities and contributes to the departure of young and qualified inhabitants.

The Vysočina Region with a population of 503 747 (as of 31.12.2022) is located in the highlands, essentially straddling the centre of the Czech Republic.

As of 28.02.2023, the Labour Office of the Czech Republic (ÚP ČR), Regional Branch Office in Jihlava records a total of 11 182 job seekers. The number of reported job vacancies is 8 884 and the share of unemployed persons in the region is 3.2%. There are 1.3 applicants per job.

One district reported an unemployment rate equal to or higher than the national average, namely the district of Třebíč (3.9%). Conversely, the lowest unemployment was in the Pelhřimov district (2.0%). Out of a total of 8 884 vacancies, 5 644 positions are open for recruitment from abroad.

The following companies are most interested in employees - current requirements:

(NOTE: numbers in brackets indicate the number of vacancies)

Havlíčkův Brod district

• Futaba Czech, s.r.o., workers in the production of automotive components (254)
• Crystal BOHEMIA, a.s., glassmakers in Světlá nad Sázavou (67)
• Engeser, s.r.o., cable harness assembly workers (36)
• MONOTECH GROUP s.r.o., workers (31)
• P L E A S s.r.o. dressmakers and seamstresses (31)
• Hospital Havlíčkův Brod, seeking physicians especially (19)

Jihlava district

• BOSCH Diesel, s.r.o., (324)
• Marelli Automotive Lighting Jihlava (Czech Republic) s.r.o., needs assembly workers (266)
• Strojírenská fa Moravské kovárny, a.s., machine operators (118)
• Kostelecké uzeniny, a.s. (95)
• ICOM transport, a.s., bus and freight drivers (83)
• MGG Třešt', s.r.o. founders, machinists, welders and others (71)

Pelhřimov district

• Agrostroj Pelhřimov, agricultural machinery production workers (316)
• Knoflíkářský průmysl Žirovnice, a.s. plastic production workers (54)
• SixPointTwo s.r.o. - workplace Humpolec, production workers (46)
• Pelhřimov Hospital (doctors and support staff) (39)
• ICOM transport, a.s. is looking for bus and freight drivers (21)

Třebíč district

• MOTORPAL, a.s. - plant Jemnice, engineering production (59)
• B+S, s.r.o. textile production (47)
• MICo, spol. s r.o., manufacture of technological equipment (35)
• TRADO-BUS, bus drivers (25)
• Selva SHOES, a.s. based in Třebíč, production of Olang footwear (16)
• Třebíč Hospital is looking for doctors and medical staff (22)

Žďár district

• Žďas, a.s., places in mechanical engineering (61)
• V. Klimeš & L. Klimeš CZ s.r.o, personal services, business and accommodation (34)
• Draka Kabely, s.r.o. production operators (33)
• Regional Directorate of the Vysočina Police - Žďár nad Sázavou, police officers (22)
• Bítešská dopravní společnost, s.r.o., truck drivers and repairers (20)
• Mars Svratka, a.s., various professions (19)

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The traditional composition of the portfolio of key vacancies in the Vysočina Region has not changed. The greatest interest is mainly in workers in the engineering and construction sector (both technical and mainly blue-collar occupations, assembly and handling workers), as well as in machine and equipment operators across industries, including the food industry, freight and passenger transport drivers, assembly and handling workers across industries, dressmakers and seamstresses, logistics workers, cleaners, social workers, and there is a huge demand for doctors and medical personnel everywhere in the region.

In the districts of the Vysočina Region, there is also a demand for a larger number of workers in smaller manufacturing and processing firms, smaller health care facilities, agricultural and food processing plants, schools and educational facilities, shopping centres and others.

The highest number of unemployed people in the Vysočina Region are workers with apprenticeship certificates (but also with a disability that prevents them from accepting a job offer) and workers with elementary education. Generally, the highest unemployment rate is among jobseekers aged 50 and over.

The sectors currently contributing most to the rise in unemployment are gastronomy, commerce and services sectors.

The location of the South Moravian Region is very advantageous from a geographical point of view: the region forms a link between the south and north of Europe, it borders Slovakia and Austria and also has a connection to the road and railway transport networks of European transport infrastructure. The population of the entire South Moravia Region (as of 30 September 2022) is 1 186 151, with its metropolis being Brno, the second largest city in Czechia, where one-third of the whole region’s population lives.

Services occupy a dominant position in the region’s economy. While in Brno and in the regions surrounding Brno the labour market is hardly affected by seasonal fluctuations, in southern districts (Znojmo, Hodonín) it is unbalanced and has a seasonal nature. These regions are also affected by high unemployment rates and below-average wage levels.

The most important and largest employers include the universities (Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology, Mendel University in Brno), the hospitals (especially the Brno University Hospital, St. Anne’s Teaching Hospital in Brno, Kyjov Hospital, contributory organisation, Znojmo Hospital, contributory organisation), transport organisations (Brno public transport – Dopravní podnik města Brna, a.s.), public administration (Southern Moravia Regional Police Headquarters, Brno Statutory City, the Financial Authority General Directorate, the Czech Labour Office) and a range of IT and services companies (e.g. IBM Global Services Delivery Center Czech Republic, s.r.o., AT&T Global Network Services Czech Republic s.r.o., Česká pošta, s.p. (Czech Post), České dráhy, a.s. (Czech Railways), Správa železnic, public organisation (Railway Administration), Notino, s.r.o., Albert Česká republika, s.r.o., Tesco Stores ČR a.s.). In the manufacturing sector, major operators include companies manufacturing electrical equipment – ABB s.r.o., Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. and Ademco CZ s.r.o. in Brno, Tyco Electronics Czech s.r.o. in Kuřim, European Data Project s.r.o. in Komořany in Vyškovsko, Siemens Electric Machines s.r.o. s.r.o. in Drásov and the company Gebauer a Griller Kabeltechnik, spol. s r.o. in Břeclav, involved in the manufacture of cables and electrical parts. In Modřice there is IFE-CR, a.s., producing automatic door systems for rolling stock, the textile company Nová Mosilana in Brno, Lohmann & Rauscher, s.r.o., producing textiles for healthcare, in Salvo u Brna, Bioheat, a.s., producing pharmaceuticals, in Ivanovice na Hané, and Hartmann Rico a.s., producing medical supplies, in Veverská Bítýška.

The relatively large concentration of universities and colleges in the regional city of Brno has contributed to an above-average number of people with university education; on the other hand, there is a lower number of people with only elementary education compared to the national average. The relative sufficiency of skilled labour is also related to this.

The unemployment rate in the region is 4.4% (as of 31.3.2023). Over the long run, the highest unemployment has been in the Hodonín and Znojmo districts.

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In the South Moravian Region there is a stable demand for IT sector workers, especially for computer application programmers and software developers. Vacancies are also available in the area of ‘business services’ (outsourcing, telemarketing) and health care professions (doctors, nurses).

Employers are most interested in crafts persons and skilled mechanical engineering professions (toolmaker, welder, CNC machine operator, technician), goods vehicle drivers, warehouse operatives, call centre staff, assembly workers, bricklayers, cooks, but also auxiliary and unskilled workers (construction, cleaners and manufacturing workers).

Over 57% of unemployed people in the region are jobseekers with an apprenticeship certificate and uneducated people (as of December 2022).

The specific professions for which there are enough jobseekers currently (as of March 2022) include administrative staff, sales representatives, hair stylists, cosmeticians and other fields with high employee turnover – chefs, waiting staff, bar staff, shop assistants, auxiliary and unskilled workers.

The Olomouc Region cannot be characterised as a single market. Differences between the central and northern parts of the region at the geographical level are also reflected in the economy, infrastructure and employment. The central districts (Olomouc, Prostějov, Přerov) are more stable and diversified. The economy in the mountain districts (Jeseník, Šumperk) is heavily influenced by seasonality and inadequate transport services. There are good conditions for the development of services in regional centres and for the development of tourism throughout the region. Population mobility is limited both by geographic conditions and transport service levels.

Of the economic sectors, engineering is the most strongly represented. The most important employers are: MIELE technika, UNEX, Honeywell Aerospace Olomouc, John Crane, AŽD Praha, KEESTRACK – CZ in the Olomouc district, ŠKODA PARS, Dormer Pramet, KLEIN automotive, TDK Electronics from the Šumperk district, SSI Schäfer from Hranice, district of Přerov, MUBEA and MB TOOL from Prostějov, and CS-CONT from the Jeseník district.

The electrical engineering industry is strongly represented and its impact has increased in recent years, especially due to the arrival of several foreign investors. The most prominent include HELLA AUTOTECHNIK NOVA and Siemens in Mohelnice, M.L.S. Holice in Olomouc, Robertshaw in Šternberk and SEV Litovel. The most prominent employers in Přerov include Meopta-optika; AVL MORAVIA in Hranice. Nestlé Česko, MAKOVEC, OLMA Olomouc, Pivovary CZ Group and PENAM bakeries remain the biggest employers in the food industry.

A relatively high proportion of people are employed in construction and agriculture. The leading employers in construction include Skanska, GEMO Olomouc and EKOZIS.

Employer demand for labour is uneven. The marginal areas of the region offer fewer and, for the most part, less attractive jobs.

The unemployment rate in the region was 3.6% (as of 31/03/2023) The highest unemployment rate was in the Jeseník district (5.5%), the lowest in Prostějov (2.5%) and Olomouc (3.3%).

Population mobility is limited both by geographic conditions and transport service levels.

Employers prefer candidates with experience and advanced professional skills. Graduates are especially preferred with a knowledge of working with computer technology, at a higher than user level. An active knowledge of foreign languages is often required, especially for university graduates. Graduates of technical schools are sought consistently, with all levels of education, as they are in short supply.

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The labour market is still significantly short of engineering professions at various levels of education - from apprentices to university graduates. Employers have long been seeking qualified turners, millers, welders, metal grinders and mechanical metalworkers, as well as designers, engineering technicians and mechanical engineers with higher education. Demand is also high for construction workers and crafts persons, warehouse workers and assembly workers. There is also great demand for experienced international truck drivers who can communicate in at least one world language.

There are several occupational areas where the supply of the unemployed outweighs the demand of employers, in particular administrative workers and some auxiliary and unskilled occupations (janitors, security guards).

The Zlín Region is located in the east of the Republic and borders Slovakia in its eastern part. It consists of four districts - Kroměříž, Uherské Hradiště, Vsetín and Zlín. The Zlín Region has a population of almost 572 000.

In the past, the Zlín Region was rightly regarded as an economically strong area with a significant concentration of large industrial enterprises. Shoes, tyres, machines and aircraft were products traditionally associated with the centre of the region.

Since approximately the mid-1990s, the economically stable position of Zlín and the whole of eastern Moravia has been shaken in the wake of privatisation and industrial restructuring. As a result, current gross domestic product is below average, although the region is still perceived as a rich and dynamic region in the context of Czechia.

As of 31.3.2023, the Zlín Region had 11 366 registered jobseekers, with an unemployment rate of 2.9%, which is an increase of 0.2% year-on-year. Unemployment above the regional average has long been reported by the Vsetín district; on the contrary, there is lower unemployment in the Uherské Hradiště, Zlín and Kroměříž districts. As of 31.3.2023, there were 9 513 vacancies available with 1.2 jobseekers per vacancy. The lowest number of vacancies has long been reported by the Kroměříž district.

In the region’s economy, industry is dominant, with a higher representation than at the national level. The most important companies in the region include Continental Barum s.r.o., Česká zbrojovka a.s. (weapons), Fatra a.s. (plastics industries), ON SEMICONDUCTOR Czechia s.r.o. (production of single crystals and wafers and semiconductor components), Trelleborg Wheel Systems Czech Republic a.s. (tyre production). A major industry in the region is mechanical engineering, especially the manufacture of aircraft and their components, the manufacture of machining centres and CNC lathes, the manufacture of weapons, tyres and microelectronics.

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All districts of the region of Zlín show a very similar pattern of reported vacancies. The most common occupations in demand are truck and tractor-trailer drivers, bricklayers, assembly workers, rubber product machine operators and other production support workers. In terms of long-term vacancies, these are mainly vacancies reported for welders, flame cutters, truck drivers, bricklayers, but there is also a great interest in professional occupations in engineering, especially machine tool setters and operators. There is a permanent demand for doctors and certified physiotherapists. There is a real possibility of finding a job in these professions, especially if the candidate is able to communicate in Czech.

The unemployed most often seek jobs as auxiliary workers in manufacturing, general administrative staff, shop assistants, cleaners, security agency personnel, passenger car and small van drivers, and assembly workers.

The educational structure of unemployed people has remained unchanged in the long run. The largest group is formed by jobseekers with apprenticeships, followed by those with secondary education and people with elementary education, while people with university education make up the smallest group.

The Moravian-Silesian Region is located in the north-eastern part of Czechia and borders the Zlín and the Olomouc Regions. It includes the districts of Bruntál, Frýdek-Místek, Karviná, Nový Jičín, Opava and Ostrava-City. Since the 19th century it has been one of the most important industrial regions of Central Europe. Within Czechia, the Moravian-Silesian Region is a region with a strong industrial presence. The traditional industries include mining and related iron and steel production.

In recent years, heavy industry has been gradually replaced by sectors of the manufacturing industry, and the services sector has also recorded a strong development.

Companies have been gaining ground in information and innovation technologies, electronics and the automotive industry. There are a number of smaller and larger companies in the region focused on traditional crafts, cutting-edge technologies and hi-tech products.

The Moravian-Silesian Region is one of the most populated regions in Czechia with a total population of 1 173 771 as of 30.9.2022. The Ostrava metropolis has 310 851 inhabitants, i.e. about a quarter of the region's population. Other large cities with populations over 50 000 are Havířov, Karviná, Frýdek-Místek and Opava.

Due to the restructuring of the economic base which has been going on in the region since 1990, the region has been facing social problems related to unemployment. As of 31.3.2023, the unemployment rate of the Moravian-Silesian Region was 5.1%. A higher unemployment rate than the regional average was recorded in three districts of the Moravian-Silesian Region, namely in Karviná (8.3%), Bruntál (6.8%) and Ostrava (5.2%). On the other hand, a lower rate was registered in the districts of Nový Jičín (3.2%), Frýdek-Místek (3.4%) and Opava (3.1%). Young people are also at risk of unemployment. As of 31.3.2023, there were 2 778 vacancies registered for graduates and adolescents, with 0.6 jobseekers per vacancy in this category.

The Moravian-Silesian Region remains one of the most economically important areas in Czechia. There is a diversity of industries, many suitable buildings and land for new investments, industrial zones already prepared and in preparation, the potential of a skilled workforce, considerable potential for technical expertise, a relatively dense and continually developing network of rail and bus services, an international airport with the prospect of rapid early development. Moreover, the region’s border areas provide opportunities for effective cooperation in the manufacturing sector, in infrastructure development, environmental protection and, above all, in tourism. Prominent employers in the region (by number of employees) include. TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a. s., Liberty Ostrava a.s., University Hospital in Ostrava, Varroc Lighting Systems, s.r.o, OKD, a.s., Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Czech s.r.o., University of Mining and Technology - Technical University of Ostrava, Vitesco Technologies Czech Republic s.r.o., Tieto Czech s.r.o., H R U Š K A , spol. s r.o., Siemens, s.r.o., Ostrava City Hospital, contributory organisation, Brose CZ spol. s r.o., Dopravní podnik Ostrava a.s., Teva Czech Industries s.r.o., SUNGWOO HITECH s.r.o., the University of Ostrava, BONATRANS GROUP a.s.

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Highest number of vacancies registered by public employment services in the Moravian-Silesian Region as of 31/03/2023 (in descending order of the number of vacancies):

• Craftsmen and repairers, of which most were for bricklayers, stove fitters, tilers and dry construction fitters;
• Machinery and equipment operators, fitters, of which most were for assembly workers of other products;
• Auxiliary and unskilled workers, of which most were for other auxiliary construction workers;
• Service and sales workers, of which most were for cooks (excluding chefs) and assistant cooks.

The highest numbers of jobseekers registered by public employment services are in the following occupations (in descending order by number of registered jobseekers) as of 31.3.2023:

• Auxiliary and unskilled workers, of which the largest group comprises other auxiliary manufacturing workers
• Service and sales workers, of which the largest group are shop assistants
• Machinery and equipment operators, and fitters, of which the largest group comprises car and small van drivers, and taxi drivers
• Craftsmen and repairers, of which the largest group comprises toolmakers and related workers